Enfermedades priónicas neurodegenerativas humanas: lo que sabemos y su epidemiologia en Brasil

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31533

Palabras clave:

Proteínas priónicas; Enfermedad de Creutzfeldt-Jakob; Enfermedades neurodegenerativas.

Resumen

Las enfermedades priónicas humanas (PRD) son un grupo de enfermedades neurodegenerativas progresivas, incurables y fatales causadas por un agente proteico infeccioso (PrP), capaz de propagar la enfermedad al alterar la estructura conformacional de las proteínas, que experimentan agregación y depósito en el tejido neuronal. Debido al potencial neurodegenerativo de esta enfermedad, así como al aumento mundial de casos, el objetivo de nuestro artículo es revisar el conocimiento actual sobre la PrD humana y analizar la situación epidemiológica de estas enfermedades en Brasil en los últimos 17 años. Sabemos que existen diferentes tipos de DPr con diferencias relacionadas con su transmisión/manifestación, neuropatología y manifestaciones clínicas y que los priones consisten en PrPSc, la forma patológica agregada de la proteína priónica celular PrPc. Aunque los mecanismos involucrados en la neurodegeneración no están completamente descritos, sabemos que involucran múltiples procesos que operan de manera simultánea y sinérgica en el cerebro, incluida la degeneración espongiforme, los cambios sinápticos, la inflamación cerebral, la muerte neuronal y la acumulación de agregados de proteínas. En Brasil, las PrD se convirtieron en enfermedades de notificación obligatoria al Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria a partir de 2005, con más de 400 casos de PrD confirmados hasta 2020, con un aumento significativo de casos a partir del año 2012, principalmente en los estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais y Paraná, probablemente debido a la mayor capacidad diagnóstica de estos estados. De esta manera, una comprensión más completa de estas enfermedades y su epidemiología puede ayudar en el diagnóstico temprano y el desarrollo de terapias muy necesarias para estas devastadoras enfermedades.

Citas

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Publicado

01/07/2022

Cómo citar

MACHADO, M. S.; SILVA, A. V.; ODA, J. Y.; MACHADO, A. R. da S. R. .; MACHADO, A. M. . Enfermedades priónicas neurodegenerativas humanas: lo que sabemos y su epidemiologia en Brasil. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 9, p. e1011931533, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31533. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/31533. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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Ciencias de la salud