Intervenciones terapéuticas asociadas con la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con fibromialgia: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31684

Palabras clave:

Calidad de vida; Fibromialgia; Intervención; Paciente.

Resumen

La fibromialgia es un síndrome caracterizado por síntomas multifacéticos que afectan negativamente la calidad de vida. Con mayor prevalencia en las mujeres, el síndrome se manifiesta a través del dolor generalizado, la fatiga, la ansiedad y la depresión. Si bien se han propuesto diferentes intervenciones y guías para el manejo clínico y el diagnóstico, estas están plagadas de factores limitantes debido a la heterogeneidad de los síntomas asociados, la cronicidad y las terapias con efectos secundarios significativos. En base a lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las intervenciones terapéuticas que mejoran los diferentes dominios de la calidad de vida en pacientes con fibromialgia. La investigación se realizó a través de búsquedas sistemáticas en las bases de datos PUBMED, SCOPUS, LILACS y Web of Science entre el 1 de marzo de 2020 y el 8 de mayo de 2021. Los artículos en portugués, inglés o español fueron considerados para el análisis. Para verificar el riesgo de sesgo en cada estudio, los niveles de evidencia fueron evaluados por dos revisores independientes mediante la herramienta de colaboración Cochrane. Los artículos en portugués, inglés o español fueron considerados para el análisis. El alcance de esta revisión consistió en trece ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión preestablecidos. Los estudios revisados incluyeron a 3.339 pacientes con un diagnóstico preestablecido de fibromialgia, el 92,2% de los cuales eran mujeres. En general, se observaron quince intervenciones que mostraron resultados para la CV general y sus dominios físicos y mentales. Los resultados mostraron evidencia de alta calidad con hallazgos positivos para el dolor, el funcionamiento físico, la ansiedad y la depresión con intervenciones farmacológicas y conductuales. Hay evidencia de alta calidad que apoya la pregabalina para la calidad de vida general y el dominio físico (dolor y función), la terapia cognitivo-conductual y el milnaciprán para el dominio físico de la calidad de vida (dolor y función), y evidencia de calidad moderada que apoya la terapia cognitiva conductual para el dominio psicológico (ansiedad y depresión).

Citas

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08/07/2022

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SANTOS, T. C. A. .; GOMES, I. A. .; MENEZES, P. dos P. . Intervenciones terapéuticas asociadas con la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con fibromialgia: una revisión sistemática. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 9, p. e23511931684, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i9.31684. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/31684. Acesso em: 30 sep. 2024.

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