Índice de pronóstico nutricional como marcador en pacientes de cirúrgico cardíaca: una revisión sistemática

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.32106

Palabras clave:

Complicaciones Intraoperatorias; Cirugía Torácica; Enfermedades cardíacas; Estado Nutricional; Índice pronóstico nutricional.

Resumen

Introducción: Los avances tecnológicos y los nuevos métodos quirúrgicos han sido insuficientes para reducir el alto riesgo de mortalidad y morbilidad en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiaca. Se sabe que la desnutrición preoperatoria se correlaciona con la morbilidad, mortalidad, ingreso hospitalario y calidad de vida después de la cirugía. El índice de pronóstico nutricional (NPI) se calcula a partir de los niveles de albúmina sérica y los recuentos de linfocitos periféricos. Los estudios han demostrado que un NPI bajo es un factor pronóstico adverso independiente a corto y largo plazo. Objetivo: Evaluar si el índice pronóstico nutricional es un buen marcador pronóstico para predecir complicaciones y muerte en pacientes quirúrgicos cardíacos. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, Lilacs y SciELO, con los siguientes descriptores: índice nutricional pronóstico y cardiaco y quirúrgico. Se eligieron artículos que evaluaran el NPI y las complicaciones, incluida la muerte, en pacientes quirúrgicos cardíacos. Resultados: Diecinueve publicaciones fueron analizadas e incluidas en la revisión sistemática, de las cuales 13 fueron estudios observacionales prospectivos y 6 estudios observacionales retrospectivos. De estos estudios, 9 fueron comparaciones con otros índices, 4 sobre NPI y complicaciones postoperatorias y 6 sobre NPI y mortalidad, la mayoría de los estudios demuestran que el NPI es una buena herramienta para señalar mortalidad y complicaciones postoperatorias. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que el IPN es una buena herramienta para señalar el riesgo de muerte y complicaciones en el postoperatorio de cirugías cardíacas, pero aún no se ha establecido un punto de corte común para la cirugía.

Citas

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16/07/2022

Cómo citar

QUEIROZ, B. G. S. S.; SANTOS, A. C. O. dos; SILVA, F. N. B. da .; ARRUDA, A. M. de; ALVES, J. F. N.; CAVALCANTE, . T. C. F.; SILVA, A. A. M. da. Índice de pronóstico nutricional como marcador en pacientes de cirúrgico cardíaca: una revisión sistemática. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 9, p. e50611932106, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i9.32106. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32106. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

Número

Vol. 11 Núm. 9

Sección

Ciencias de la salud

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Derechos de autor 2022 Barbara Giovanna Souza Silva Queiroz; Ana Célia Oliveira dos Santos; Fabiana Nogueira Benedito da Silva; Andressa Maranhão de Arruda; Juliana Fonseca Nogueira Alves; Taisy Cinthia Ferro Cavalcante; Amanda Alves Marcelino da Silva

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