Actividades antipalúdicas de plantas con potencial medicinal: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.32389Palabras clave:
Plantas medicinales; Medicina Herbaria; Malaria; Etnobotánica.Resumen
Objetivo: Este es un estudio cualitativo, cuyo objetivo fue investigar la literatura científica sobre especies de plantas potencialmente activas contra Plasmodium sp. Método: Se trata de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, que tuvo como objetivo analizar los artículos más recientes publicados entre los años 2005-2020 en los idiomas: inglés y portugués. Los estudios fueron seleccionados de manera integradora de las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed (Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina), LILACS (Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud), Science Direct (Explore, científica y médica) y SciELO (Biblioteca Electrónica Científica en Línea). Resultados y discusión: En los estudios de inhibición antiplasmodial se encontraron 115 especies distribuidas en 50 familias botánicas, de las cuales 66 tipos diferentes de extractos mostraron acción en la eliminación de estos parásitos, mientras que 59 de estos extractos fueron inactivos. De este total, las especies más estudiadas pertenecen a las familias Asteraceae y Fabaceae. Además, otras 141 especies botánicas fueron citadas en estudios etnobotánicos en diferentes regiones del mundo. Aponynaceae y Lamiaceae fueron las familias de plantas más representativas entre los estudios enfocados en este tema. Los datos también permitieron comprender cómo el conocimiento popular puede ayudar a establecer descubrimientos científicos sobre plantas con potencial antipalúdico. Además, se identificaron las condiciones ambientales como determinantes para la producción de componentes químicos en estas plantas. Conclusión: Los esfuerzos para identificar plantas con potencial activo en el combate del parásito se han incrementado significativamente en los últimos años; sin embargo, es importante enfatizar que la preservación de la biodiversidad debe ser un aspecto importante de la investigación etnobotánica para garantizar el uso sostenible de los recursos disponibles.
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