Relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y la COVID-19: revisión de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.32483

Palabras clave:

Periodontitis crónica; Citoquinas; Enzima de conversión de angiotensina 2; SARS-COV-2.

Resumen

COVID-19 (enfermedad por coronavirus 2019) es una infección respiratoria causada por el SARS-COV-2 en la que el 14% de los casos progresan a condiciones graves, el 5% requieren unidades de cuidados intensivos y el 2% progresan a la muerte. La cavidad oral es una de las puertas de entrada del virus en el huésped. La periodontitis es la 6ª enfermedad más prevalente en el mundo y es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que afecta a los tejidos de soporte del diente. La literatura científica ha buscado evidencia sobre una posible asociación entre periodontitis y COVID-19. Este estudio tiene como objetivo buscar información disponible en la literatura que confirme una asociación entre enfermedades. Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos medline/pubmed con la combinación de los descriptores: : "periodontitis" o "periodontal disease" o "gum disease" y "COVID-19" o "SARS-COV-2" o "novel coronavirus" publicado entre agosto de 2021 y enero de 2022, en inglés y portugués. Se encontraron 67 artículos, de los cuales 20 fueron seleccionados, en base al título, resumen y lenguaje, solo se eligieron 14 estudios para conformar la revisión, según la disponibilidad del texto completo en la web y el tipo de trabajo, priorizando la investigación y las revisiones bibliográficas. Los pacientes con periodontitis y COVID-19 presentan: factores de riesgo compartidos, presencia de marcadores inflamatorios en altas cantidades y la presencia de Sars-Cov-2 en la cavidad oral, evidenciando las mayores posibilidades de desarrollar condiciones graves de la enfermedad. Se necesitan estudios futuros para confirmar la asociación directa entre la periodontitis y la COVID-19, que aún no se ha establecido completamente.

Citas

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Publicado

27/08/2022

Cómo citar

PAGLIUSE, B.; PEDRIALI, M. B. B. P.; ITO, F. A. N.; MAIA, L. P.; COSTA, P. P. Relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y la COVID-19: revisión de la literatura . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 11, p. e420111132483, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i11.32483. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32483. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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Sección

Ciencias de la salud