Síndrome metabólico e inactividad física en adultos: un estudio de casos y controles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32523Palabras clave:
Síndrome metabólico; Estilo de vida sedentario; Obesidad abdominal; Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2; Obesidad; Conducta sedentaria.Resumen
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la asociación del síndrome metabólico con la inactividad física. Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, anidado en un estudio transversal de base poblacional. Adultos con edades entre 20 y 59 años, de ambos sexos, residentes en Dourados-MS compusieron la muestra. Los casos involucraron a 149 personas con tres o más criterios: 1) presión arterial ≥ 130 x 85 mmHg o uso de medicamentos antihipertensivos; 2) circunferencia de la cintura ≥ 90 cm (hombres) y ≥ 80 cm (mujeres); 3) glucosa en ayunas ≥ 100 mg/dl o usando hipoglucemiantes; 4) HDL < 40 mg/dl (hombres) y < 50 mg/dl (mujeres); y 5) triglicéridos ≥ 150 mg/dl o en uso de hipolipemiantes. Los controles se asignaron al azar entre sujetos que no tenían síndrome metabólico (n = 152). El análisis de datos se realizó mediante las siguientes pruebas: T-Test, Fisher's Exact, Chi-Square y Regresión logística incondicional. Las personas inactivas y con sobrepeso tenían aproximadamente 11 veces más probabilidades de tener síndrome metabólico que las personas activas y de peso normal. Los mayores mencionaron cuatro veces más síndrome metabólico que los más jóvenes; los hombres reportaron el doble de síndrome que las mujeres; y los de menor escolaridad tenían el doble de síndromes que los de mayor escolaridad. El estudio demuestra una gran necesidad de ampliar las políticas de salud pública que fomenten la práctica de actividad física, así como mejorar la calidad de la alimentación de la población, con el fin de mitigar el riesgo de desarrollar el síndrome metabólico.
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