El destino de los remanentes de vegetación en el punto critico más grande amenazado del sur de la Amazonía: parte (I) un análisis de 33 años de LULCC en la cuenca del río Tapajos, Brasil

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32553

Palabras clave:

Análisis espacio-temporales; Ecotono de biomas Amazonia-Cerrado; Restos de bosques y sabanas amenazados; Pérdida de hábitats; Interioridad; Nueva métrica del paisaje; Nueva métrica del paisaje.

Resumen

En el presente estudio, evaluamos la dinámica de fragmentación de la cobertura vegetal nativa (CNV) desde 1985 hasta 2018 en la cuenca más amenazada del río Tapajós (CRT), un afluente del río Amazonas. El estudio buscó comprender cómo las presiones del uso de la tierra impactaron negativamente en los remanentes de la matriz agrícola y la biodiversidad de las biotas locales. Para ello creamos una grilla de muestreo con hexágonos de 50.000 hectáreas cada uno, compartimentada de la siguiente manera: para toda el área de la cuenca, usamos una grilla de 1255 hexágonos en los análisis; en la porción norte de la cuenca (bioma amazónico), usamos una grilla con 965 hexágonos y en la porción sur de la cuenca (bioma Cerrado) usamos una grilla con 290 hexágonos. En estas grillas, aplicamos seis métricas de ecología del paisaje: número, tamaño, borde, aislamiento, remanentes e interioridad, sin precedentes en los estudios de paisaje. Los hexágonos creados fueron nuestras unidades analíticas en el estudio del aislamiento y pérdida de hábitat entre remanentes de bosque (Fo) y sabanas (Sa) en las tres Áreas Núcleo definidas. Los resultados mostraron que la dinámica de fragmentación en CRT no fue un evento único y aislado en los tres compartimentos analizados, con diferentes conglomerados en las porciones estudiadas. El número de remanentes creció exponencialmente en el paisaje, en los primeros 20 años del estudio (1985-2005), y sus áreas perdieron la mitad de sus tamaños originales en ambas partes de la cuenca. Independientemente del tamaño o tipología remanente, el efecto de borde fue alto tanto en parches pequeños como grandes (Fo = 15% y Sa = 20%). El aislamiento de los remanentes fue mayor y creciente en la porción norte de la cuenca, en 20 años (1985-2005), la clase de aislamiento 100 a 1000 metros aumentó 31% para los parches de Fo, mientras que los parches de Sa aumentaron solo 11% en la parte sur de la cuenca. Las pérdidas totales de remanentes (Fo+Sa) en la porción norte fueron 38% y 41% para los remanentes de la porción sur de la cuenca. Es importante enfatizar que este estudio es la evaluación más grande jamás realizada en toda el área de una cuenca amazónica, con el objetivo de crear una base de datos para estudios comparativos con otras cuencas amenazadas. Nuestros análisis mostraron que el 60 % del área de la meseta CRT se convirtió en pastos sembrados y cultivos anuales. Si se mantienen las mismas tasas de deforestación y fragmentación al nivel actual, el pronóstico para 2040 no será alentador.

Citas

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12/08/2022

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BORGES, G. A.; MANCILLA, G. .; SIQUEIRA, A. B. .; VANCINE, M. H.; RIBEIRO, M. C. .; MAIA, J. C. de S. . El destino de los remanentes de vegetación en el punto critico más grande amenazado del sur de la Amazonía: parte (I) un análisis de 33 años de LULCC en la cuenca del río Tapajos, Brasil. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 10, p. e448111032553, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32553. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32553. Acesso em: 23 nov. 2024.

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Ciencias Agrarias y Biológicas