Ampliación del conocimiento de los genomas de los fagos de Streptococcus thermophilus mediante un enfoque multifacético
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32693Palabras clave:
Biodiversidad; Genoma central; Holina; Panviroma; Taxonomía; Genes distintivos; Cultivo iniciador.Resumen
Los virus tienen relaciones evolutivas complejas y se han utilizado varias estrategias en un intento de clasificar los fagos que infectan a S. thermophilus. En este estudio, utilizamos una amplia gama de métodos complementarios, incluida la genómica comparativa, el análisis del genoma central y la filogenética de los genes característicos, para demostrar que los fagos de S. thermophilus están organizados en 142 especies y cinco géneros (tres de ellos nuevos) y que debido a su diversidad genética, la clasificación a nivel de familia varía según el criterio de clasificación utilizado. No se identificaron genes significativamente conservados entre los 183 genomas evaluados. Sin embargo, los genes que codifican la proteína holina se conservaron en más del 95% de los genomas. El análisis de holinas sugiere que se requieren al menos dos hélices α para la función de la proteína dentro de los fagos de S. thermophilus. Este estudio amplió el conocimiento sobre la diversidad genética y la evolución de los fagos estreptocócicos, ambos fundamentales para promover estrategias de control y minimizar fallas en los procesos de fermentación de la leche.
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