Diagnóstico de delirium en pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: una revisión integrativa

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32696

Palabras clave:

Delirium; UCI; Ventilación mecânica; Diagnóstico.

Resumen

El delirium en adultos ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos puede estar relacionado con la ventilación mecánica, el uso de sedantes y la estancia prolongada en la UCI, asociándose con peores condiciones clínicas y resultados hospitalarios. Objetivos: investigar el diagnóstico de delirium en pacientes de UCI y cómo influye en la hospitalización de estos pacientes. Metodología: estudio de revisión integradora y exploratoria. Se realizó una búsqueda de estudios en las bases de datos MEDLINE, PubMed y LILACS, con los siguientes descriptores: delirium y UCI y ventilación mecánica y diagnóstico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 14 estudios, siendo: 5 realizados en Europa, 4 en Asia, 2 en Norteamérica y 1 en Sudamérica, además de dos estudios bicéntricos. La severidad de la disfunción se relaciona con pacientes de mayor edad, con ventilación mecánica más prolongada, mayor tiempo de sedación y días de hospitalización. Entre los instrumentos de evaluación diagnóstica, el Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) obtuvo una respuesta satisfactoria entre los estudios analizados. Conclusión: la estrategia más efectiva para reducir el delirium es la prevención primaria, como inversión en recursos humanos, uso de medidas no farmacológicas y cambios en el manejo de la disfunción. El diagnóstico correcto y precoz del delirium puede tener un impacto positivo en el pronóstico de los pacientes en UCI, reduciendo las repercusiones orgánicas y la morbimortalidad de estos pacientes.

Citas

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Publicado

26/07/2022

Cómo citar

MINELLA, F. C. O. .; MELLO NETO, S. A. A. de; OSAKU, E. F. .; COSTA, C. R. L. de M.; GIANCURSI, T. Diagnóstico de delirium en pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: una revisión integrativa. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 10, p. e161111032696, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i10.32696. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/32696. Acesso em: 30 jun. 2024.

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