Factores asociados al sobrepeso en niños y adolescentes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA): una revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.33622Palabras clave:
Trastorno del Espectro Autista; Niños; Adolescentes; Sobrepeso.Resumen
Objetivo: Hacer una revisión de la literatura y describir los factores asociados al sobrepeso en niños y adolescentes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). Metodología: El estudio consiste en una revisión integradora, realizada a través de una búsqueda en la base de datos MEDLINE/Pubmed. Se incluyeron artículos originales, no experimentales, con individuos de ambos sexos menores de 20 años y que describieran criterios diagnósticos de TEA y sobrepeso, que tuvieran datos sobre factores asociados al sobrepeso en la población con TEA y acceso gratuito en línea. No hubo restricción de idioma o año de publicación. Resultados: Inicialmente fueron identificados 486 artículos y luego de exclusiones, considerando los criterios de elegibilidad, un total de 20 artículos fueron incluidos en esta revisión. La prevalencia de sobrepeso osciló entre 27,5% y 63,8%. Entre los factores asociados al exceso de peso encontrados destacan: mayor edad de la población pediátrica con TEA, raza negra, etnia hispana/latina, menor escolaridad de los padres, índice de masa corporal familiar, alto peso al nacer, trastornos genéticos, trastornos del sueño, trastornos afectivos, uso de fármacos antipsicóticos y estabilizadores del estado de ánimo, baja capacidad de adaptación de la vida diaria, competencia motora alterada, selectividad, rechazo y/o recompensa de alimentos bajos, más comidas y bajo nivel de actividad física. Conclusión: La frecuencia de sobrepeso en la población pediátrica con TEA fue alta, con múltiples factores asociados, siendo los principales aspectos relacionados con factores sociodemográficos, familiares, genéticos, clínicos, dietéticos, comorbilidades del TEA, medicamentos, nivel de actividad física y características relacionadas con el TEA.
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