Diseminación y prevalencia de bacterias resistentes a la polimixina de origen clínico y ambiental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.34996Palabras clave:
Bacillus polymyxa; Colistina; Resistencia bacteriana; Salud pública.Resumen
Las polimixinas se descubrieron en la década de 1940 y se usaron para tratar infecciones causadas por bacterias gramnegativas. Estas moléculas actúan destruyendo la membrana celular mediante la desestabilización de los fosfolípidos y lipopolisacáridos (LPS). Debido a los efectos adversos, como la nefrotoxicidad y la neurotoxicidad, esta clase ha tenido un uso limitado. Sin embargo, con la evolución de la resistencia antimicrobiana a los fármacos comerciales, se ha retomado el uso de polimixinas y con el tiempo se han observado cepas resistentes a este fármaco. Actualmente, las bacterias resistentes a este antimicrobiano se encuentran en ambientes hospitalarios y ambientes no antropizados. Este hecho constituye un problema mundial de salud humana y ambiental que preocupa a la población, profesionales de la salud e investigadores. Por lo tanto, esta revisión se realizó con el objetivo de describir los mecanismos y la aparición de resistencia bacteriana a las polimixinas, y demostrar la relación entre cepas multirresistentes de origen clínico y ambiental.
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