Aspectos de la COVID-19 como factores de riesgo para la infección o reactivación de la coccidioidomicosis: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.35062Palabras clave:
Coccidioidomicosis; Coccidioides spp.; COVID-19; Post-COVID-19; Infección Secundaria; Enfermedades negligenciadas.Resumen
La coccidioidomicosis es una micosis profunda causada por hongos dimórficos del género Coccidioides. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la infección por Coccidioides spp. pueden ser muy diversas. La principal forma clínica de la coccidioidomicosis es la infección respiratoria cuyos signos y síntomas más frecuentes son tos, disnea, dolor torácico, fiebre, artralgia, mialgia, fatiga y pérdida de peso. La coccidioidomicosis pulmonar, especialmente en su manifestación como neumonía aguda, puede confundirse fácilmente con otras neumopatías, incluida la COVID-19. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión sistemática de los casos de coccidioidomicosis en pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 o que desarrollaron esta micosis en el periodo posterior a la COVID-19. El contexto de COVID-19 y su tratamiento con corticosteroides puede facilitar la infección por Coccidioides spp. o la reactivación de infecciones latentes de este hongo. El principal riesgo para la vida de los afectados por la coccidioidomicosis concomitante o posterior a la COVID-19 es el diagnóstico tardío. El uso de corticosteroides en el tratamiento de la COVID-19 y la diabetes son los factores de riesgo más relevantes para el desarrollo de la infección por Coccidioides spp. o la reactivación de la infección fúngica latente. La biopsia y estudios laboratoriales de cultivo del material de las vías respiratorias y de las lesiones cutáneas, así como la serología para diagnosticar la coccidioidomicosis, deben incorporarse a la evaluación rutinaria de las infecciones secundarias en la COVID-19 y las neumopatías posteriores a la infección por el SARS-CoV-2, especialmente en los individuos más susceptibles de las regiones de alta endemicidad.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Antonio Neres Norberg; Paulo Roberto Blanco Moreira Norberg; Fernanda Castro Manhães; Bianca Magnelli Mangiavacchi; Simone de Oliveira Lopes; Renato Mataveli Ferreira Filho; Lígia Cordeiro Matos Faial; Thaís Rigueti Brasil Borges; Clara dos Reis Nunes; Claudia Caixeta Franco Andrade Colete
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