Eficacia de los métodos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos para el manejo del dolor en niños durante la venopunción: una revisión narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i14.35953Palabras clave:
Niños; Dolor; El manejo del dolor.Resumen
Evidencia científica reciente muestra que el dolor asociado con procedimientos dolorosos agudos, como la venopunción, es una fuente importante de dolor pediátrico y puede tener consecuencias a largo plazo en el comportamiento y la percepción del dolor en los niños. Por lo tanto, el objetivo es verificar la efectividad de los principales métodos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos de manejo del dolor durante la venopunción en niños. Este estudio es una revisión narrativa analítica con investigaciones en las bases de datos PUBMED, SciELO y LILACS. Como criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron solo ensayos clínicos desde 2016 a la fecha de recolección de datos, seleccionados con los descriptores: “dolor”, “venopunción” y “niños”. Se seleccionaron 31 artículos que abordan diferentes tipos de manejo del dolor durante la venopunción, de los cuales 6 se refieren a métodos farmacológicos y 25 a métodos no farmacológicos. Entre los farmacológicos destaca el uso de dexmedetomidina, midazolam, solución de sacarosa, anestésico tópico, lidocaína, tetracaína, parche caliente y crema EMLA. En cuanto a las no farmacológicas, las principales son las técnicas de distracción, que incluyen jugar videojuegos, leer cartas, mirar dibujos, escuchar música, usar juguetes, interactuar con los padres, inflar globos, apretar la pelota, toser, además de técnicas como como realidad virtual y sistema Buzzy. Los estudios han buscado dilucidar un mayor número de métodos no farmacológicos en relación a los farmacológicos, por ser menos costosos y menos traumáticos. Es importante destacar las técnicas de distracción, que tienen una variedad de métodos aplicables, principalmente los relacionados con la audición y la visión.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Leticia Ribeiro dos Santos; Lucas Dias Silva; Tereza Maria Meireles Fernandes da Silva; Gabriel Rezende Neves ; Paulo Cesar Lobato Magalhães; Mariana dos Santos Guimarães; Larissa Dacier Lobato Comesanha ; Luiz Felipe Leão Lima; Francinei Gomes Pinto; Isabela Ferreira de Freitas
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