Toxicity and genotoxicity of the insecticide cyromazine in a bioassay with Allium cepa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i1.39261Keywords:
Pesticides; Micronuclei; Chromosomal changes.Abstract
Pesticides are synthetic chemicals widely used in agriculture to control pests and diseases. The predominant model of agriculture in Brazil is based on the excessive use of these products and currently the country occupies the first place in the world ranking of consumption. Despite enabling the growth of agricultural production, the excessive use of pesticides has consequences for human health and the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the insecticide cyromazine using the Allium cepa bioassay. Healthy onion bulbs were exposed to different insecticide dosages, in addition to positive and negative controls, for a period of five days. After which, a macroscopic analysis was performed to assess toxicity, counting the number of germinated roots and the length of the three largest roots of each bulb. For the evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, slides were made for analysis of cells in different phases of the cell cycle. The tested insecticide was toxic to A. cepa, inhibiting germination and root growth at different verified concentrations. Furthermore, cytotoxic effects were observed at the two highest concentrations analyzed. The compound was considered genotoxic, as it induced chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in cells, especially at higher dosages. The study contributed with relevant information about the toxicity and genotoxicity of the insecticide cyromazine in A. cepa, but also indicates the need for additional research in other test organisms.
References
Adeyemo, O. A., & Farinmade, A. E. (2013). Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of food flavor enhancer, monosodium glutamate (MSG) using Allium cepa assay. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(13),1459-1466. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB12.2927
Agência Nacional De Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) (2020). Monografias de agrotóxicos. https://www.gov.br/anvisa/pt br/setorregulado/regularizacao/agrotoxicos/monografias/monografias-autorizadas/c/4236json-file-1. Acesso em: 25 de fevereiro de 2022.
Aguiar, A. C. P., & Rigotto, R. M. (2021). Quando o neoextrativismo chega aos corpos e territórios: agronegócio, processos de vulnerabilização e colonialidade. Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, 57, 55-78. https://doi.org/10.5380/dma.v56i0.76686
Bianchi, J. (2008). Análise dos efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos e mutagênicos do inseticida malation, utilizando os sistemas teste de allium cepa e células de mamíferos.165f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Biológicas- Biologia Celular e Molecular). Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro-São Paulo, 2008.
Bonciu, E., Firbas, P., Fontanetti, C. S., Wusheng, j., Karaismailoğlu, M. C., Liu, D., ... & Papini, A. (2018). An evaluation for the standardization of the Allium cepa test as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay. Caryologia, 71(3), 191-209, https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2018.1503496
Cabral, W. B. M. (2014). Análise da Genotoxicidade in vivo dos agrotóxicos ciromazina e mancozeb em baixas doses. 99f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde Humana e Meio Ambiente). Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão- PE, 2014. Disponível em: https://attena.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/13026. Acesso em: 30/09/2022.
Cajaíba, R. L., Santos, E. M., Fistarol, R., Souza Filho, J. A., & Silva, W. B. (2015). Perfil dos agricultores do município de Uruará - PA quanto ao uso de agrotóxicos. Enciclopédia Biosfera, 11(21), 1479-1472. https://conhecer.org.br/ojs/index.php/biosfera/article/view/1876
Carneiro, F. F. Pignati, W.; Rigotto, R. M.; Friedrich, K.; Faria, N. M. X.; Búrigo, A. C., & Guiducci Filho, E. (2015). Dossiê ABRASCO: um alerta sobre os impactos dos agrotóxicos na saúde. EPSJV/Expressão Popular.
Corcino, C. O., Teles, R. B. de. A., Almeida, J. R. G. da S., Lirani, L. da S., Araújo, C. R. M., Gonsalves, A. de A., & Maia, G. L. de A. (2019). Avaliação do efeito do uso de agrotóxicos sobre a saúde de trabalhadores rurais da fruticultura irrigada. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 24, 3117-3128. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018248.14422017
Dutra, R. M. S., & Souza, M. M. O. (2017). Impactos negativos do uso de agrotóxicos à saúde humana. Hygeia,13, (24), 127-140. https://seer.ufu.br/index.php/hygeia/article/view/34540
Fatma, F., Verma, S., Kamal, A., & Srivastava, A. (2018). Monitoring of morphotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of mancozeb using Allium assay. Chemosphere, 195, 64e870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.052
Fernández-Alba, A. R., Guil, L. H., López, G. D., & Chistic, Y. (2001). Toxicity of pesticides in wastewater: a comparative assessment of rapid bioassays. Analytica Chimica Acta, 426(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)00874-6
Fiskesjö, G. (2008). The Allium test as a standard in environmental monitoring. Hereditas, 102(1), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1985.tb00471.x
Friedrich, K., de Almeida, V. E. S., Augusto, L. G. da S., Gurgel, A. do M., De Souza, M. M. O., Alexandre, V. P., & Carneiro, F. F. (2018). Agrotóxicos: mais venenos em tempos de retrocessos de direitos. Revista OKARA: Geografia em debate, 12(2), 326-347. https://doi.org/10.22478/ufpb.1982-3878.2018v12n2.41320
Fu, D., Zhang, S., Wang, M., Liang, X., Xie, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, C. (2020). Dissipation behavior, residue distribution and dietary risk assessment of cyromazine, acetamiprid and their mixture in cowpea and cowpea field soil. J Sci Food Agric, 100, 4540–4548. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10495
Gaboardi, S. C., Candiotto, L. Z. P., & Ramos, L. M. (2019). Perfil do Uso de Agrotóxicos no Sudoeste do Paraná (2011-2016). Revista NERA, 22 (46), 13-40. https://doi.org/10.47946/rnera.v0i46.5566
Ghisi, N. C., Silva, V. B., Roque, A. A., & Oliveira, E. C. (2021). Integrative analysis in toxicological assessment of the insecticide Malathion in Allium cepa L. system. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 83, e240118. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.240118
Karaismailoglu, M. C. (2017). Assessments on the potential genotoxic effects of fipronil insecticide on Allium cepa somatic cells. Caryologia, 70(4), 378-384, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2017.1371992
Leme, D. M., de Angelis, D. de F., & Marin-Morales, M. A. (2008). Action mechanisms of petroleum hydrocarbons present in waters impacted by an oil spill on the genetic material of Allium cepa root cells. Aquatic Toxicology, 88, 214–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.04.012
Leme, D. M., & Marin-Morales, A. (2009). Allium cepa test in environmental monitoring: A review on its application. Mutation Research, 682, 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.06.002
Lima, M. V da S., Guedes, C. de M., de Abreu, M. C., & Peron, A. P. (2018). Análise da citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade de Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in natura e industrializado, e comparação da toxicidade entre as formas analisadas da planta. Multitemas, 23(55), 121-132. https://doi.org/10.20435/multi.v23i55.1838
Liu, J., Zhong, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, H., Xi, J., & Wang, J. (2010). An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of cyromazine and melamine residues in animal muscle tissues. Food Control, 21 (11), 1482-1487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.04.018
Mattei, T. F., & Michellon, E. (2021). Panorama da agricultura orgânica e dos agrotóxicos no Brasil: uma análise a partir dos censos 2006 e 2017. Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural, 59(4), e222254. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9479.2021.222254
Mello, F. A., Fagiani, M. D. A. B., Rossi, R. C., & Nai, G. A. (2019). Agrotóxicos: impactos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Colloquium Vitae, 11(2),37-44). 10.5747/cv.2019.v11.n2.v262. https://revistas.unoeste.br/index.php/cv/article/view/2285
Oliveira, T. L., de Sousa, M. A. N., Lustosa, E. A., De Sousa, J. M., De Oliveira Filho, A. A., Dos Anjos, R. M., & Nóbrega, F. V. A. (2022). Toxicidade e genotoxicidade de medicamentos utilizados na pandemia da Covid-19 através do bioensaio Allium cepa. Research, Society and Development, 11 (13), e244111333940. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.33940
Palsikowski, A. L., Roberto, M. M., Sommaggio, L. R. D., Souza, P. M. S., Morales, A. R., & Marin‑Morales, M. A. (2018). Ecotoxicity evaluation of the biodegradable polymers PLA, PBAT and its blends using Allium cepa as test organism. J Polym Environ, 26, 938–945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-0990-9
Pandir, D. (2018). Assesment of the genotoxic effect of the diazinon on root cells of Allium cepa (L.). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 61, e18160390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2018160390
Parvan, L. G., Leite, T. G., Freitas, T. B., Pedrosa, P. A. A., Calixto, J. S., & Agostinho, L. D. A. (2020). Bioensaio com Allium cepa revela genotoxicidade de herbicida com flumioxazina. Revista Pan-Amazônica de Saúde,11. https://doi.org/10.5123/s2176-6223202000544
Pereira, A. S., Shitsuka, D. M., Pereira, F. J., Shitsuka, r. (2018). Metodologia da pesquisa científica. 1. ed. Santa Maria, RS: UFSM, NTE.
Rodio, G. R., Rosset, I. G., & Brandalize, A. P. C. (2021). Exposição a agrotóxicos e suas consequências para a saúde humana. Research, Society and Development, 10(8), e43010817526. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.17526
Rosculete, C. A., Bonciu, E., Rosculete, E., & Olaru, L. A. (2019). Determination of the environmental pollution potential of some herbicides by the assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on Allium cepa. Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(75). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010075
Shabbir, M. D., Singh, M., Maiti, S., & Saha, S. K. (2021). Organophosphate pesticide (Chlorpyrifos): environmental menace; study reveals genotoxicity on plant and animal cells. Environmental Challenges, 5,100313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100313
Severino, A. J. (2017). Metodologia do trabalho científico. 2. ed. São Paulo: Cortez.
Sheikh, N., Patowary, H., & Laskar, R. A. (2020). Screening of cytotoxic and genotoxic potency of two pesticides (malathion and cypermethrin) on Allium cepa L. Molecular & Cellular Toxicology, 16, 291–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-020-00077-7
Silva, C. R. F. d., Melo, N. J. d. A., Menezes, E. d. L. C., Filho, E. F. d. S., Pereira, J. C. d. S., Nunes, M. M., Nóbrega, F. V. A., & Sousa, M. A. N. d. (2021). Estudo do potencial citotóxico, genotóxico e mutagênico do extrato aquoso de Tabebuia aurea em células de Allium cepa. In Ciências Biológicas:Desenvolvimento em pesquisas aplicadas, 1, 277–296. Editora e-Publicar. https://doi.org/10.47402/ed.ep.c202173219585
Silva, L. M., Cimino, F. F., Borgo, A. L., Dutra, V. S. V., & Oliveira, J. E. Z. (2022). Avaliação da toxicidade, citotoxicidade e genotoxicidade do infuso dos rizomas de Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae). Revista Fitos. https://revistafitos.far.fiocruz.br/index.php/revista-fitos/article/view/1447
Souza, C. P., Guedes, T. D. A., & Fontanetti, C. S. (2016). Evaluation of herbicides action on plant bioindicators by genetic biomarkers: a review. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 188(12), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5702-8
Su, H., Chen, L., Sun, B., & Ai, S. (2012). Fluorescence detection of cyromazine using gallic acid-reduced gold nanoparticles. Sensors and Actuators B, 174, 458– 464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.08.080
Valencia-Quintana, R., Alarcón, J. S., Gómez-Arrroyo, S., Eslava, J. C., Waliszewski, S. M., Fernández, S., & Villalobos-Pietrini, R. (2013). Genotoxicidad de plaguicidas en sistemas vegetales. Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental, 29, 133-157. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=37028958008
Van de Wouw, A. P., Batterham, P., & Daborn, P. J. (2006). The insect growth regulator insecticide cyromazine causes earlier emergence in Drosophila melanogaster. Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology, 63(3), 101–109.https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.20146
Zhao, Z., Chen, L., Bai, B., Yang, X., Tan, Y., Wang, J., ... & Zhou, C. (2018). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for evaluating the dissipation dynamics of cyromazine and its metabolite in Agaricus bisporus and dietary risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(3), 2285-2292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0658-y
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Eliane Alves Lustosa; Marcos Antonio Nobrega de Sousa; Thais Lucena de Oliveira; Jeniffer Gabrielly de Sousa Pereira; Jair Móises de Sousa; Francisca Vitória Amaral Nóbrega
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
