Relación del tabaquismo, la inactividad física, el consumo de alcohol y la población anciana con la mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: un estudio ecológico con una base de datos mundial

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40643

Palabras clave:

Factores de riesgo; Enfermedad crónica; Estilo de vida sedentario; Tabaquismo; Alcoholismo.

Resumen

Introdução: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ENT) son afecciones que resultan de una combinación multifactorial del individuo. Están representadas principalmente por enfermedades crónicas respiratorias y cardiovasculares, cáncer y diabetes. Están relacionados con algunos factores de riesgo que aumentan la incidencia de la morbilidad y la mortalidad, como el tabaquismo, el consumo de alcohol, la inactividad física y el proceso natural de envejecimiento. Objetivos: Analizar la asociación entre el tabaquismo, la inactividad física, el envejecimiento y el alcoholismo con la mortalidad por ENT en todo el mundo. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo ecológico, y la población de estudio estuvo compuesta por regiones y países del mundo, con sus respectivos datos de prevalencia de mortalidad por ENT, prevalencia de ancianos de 65 años o más, de fumadores, de inactivos físicos, y de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas estimado en litros de alcohol per cápita. Resultados: Evaluamos 253 regiones y países disponibles en el banco mundial. A prevalência média (±DP) de mortalidade por DCNT foi 70,2 (±20,2)%. Evaluando a população idosa, se observou que por cada aumento de 1% na prevalência, se observou um aumento de 2,3% na mortalidade por DCNT (p<0,001). Utilizando el mismo parámetro para el tabaquismo, el aumento fue del 1,2% (p<0,001). Para el consumo de alcohol, el aumento fue del 1,8% (p<0,001). La inactividad física mostró el menor índice de correlación, aumentando 0,6% las cifras de mortalidad por ENT por cada 1% adicional de prevalencia (p<0,001). Conclusión: Así, todos los factores de riesgo fueron influenciados cuando se relacionaron con el desenlace, y la población anciana fue señalada como el mayor factor de riesgo asociado a la mortalidad por ECNT.

Citas

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Publicado

03/03/2023

Cómo citar

FERNANDES, L. de O. .; TEIXEIRA, N. W. .; KOCK, K. de S. . Relación del tabaquismo, la inactividad física, el consumo de alcohol y la población anciana con la mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: un estudio ecológico con una base de datos mundial. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 3, p. e14812340643, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40643. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/40643. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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Sección

Ciencias de la salud