Relación del tabaquismo, la inactividad física, el consumo de alcohol y la población anciana con la mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: un estudio ecológico con una base de datos mundial

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40643

Palabras clave:

Factores de riesgo; Enfermedad crónica; Estilo de vida sedentario; Tabaquismo; Alcoholismo.

Resumen

Introdução: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ENT) son afecciones que resultan de una combinación multifactorial del individuo. Están representadas principalmente por enfermedades crónicas respiratorias y cardiovasculares, cáncer y diabetes. Están relacionados con algunos factores de riesgo que aumentan la incidencia de la morbilidad y la mortalidad, como el tabaquismo, el consumo de alcohol, la inactividad física y el proceso natural de envejecimiento. Objetivos: Analizar la asociación entre el tabaquismo, la inactividad física, el envejecimiento y el alcoholismo con la mortalidad por ENT en todo el mundo. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de tipo ecológico, y la población de estudio estuvo compuesta por regiones y países del mundo, con sus respectivos datos de prevalencia de mortalidad por ENT, prevalencia de ancianos de 65 años o más, de fumadores, de inactivos físicos, y de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas estimado en litros de alcohol per cápita. Resultados: Evaluamos 253 regiones y países disponibles en el banco mundial. A prevalência média (±DP) de mortalidade por DCNT foi 70,2 (±20,2)%. Evaluando a população idosa, se observou que por cada aumento de 1% na prevalência, se observou um aumento de 2,3% na mortalidade por DCNT (p<0,001). Utilizando el mismo parámetro para el tabaquismo, el aumento fue del 1,2% (p<0,001). Para el consumo de alcohol, el aumento fue del 1,8% (p<0,001). La inactividad física mostró el menor índice de correlación, aumentando 0,6% las cifras de mortalidad por ENT por cada 1% adicional de prevalencia (p<0,001). Conclusión: Así, todos los factores de riesgo fueron influenciados cuando se relacionaron con el desenlace, y la población anciana fue señalada como el mayor factor de riesgo asociado a la mortalidad por ECNT.

Citas

Allen, L., Cobiac, L., & Townsend, N. (2017). Quantifying the global distribution of premature mortality from non-communicable diseases. Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 39(4), 698–703. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdx008.

Allen, L., Williams, J., Townsend, N., Mikkelsen, B., Roberts, N., Foster, C., & Wickramasinghe, K. (2017). Socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioural risk factors in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. The Lancet. Global health, 5(3), e277–e289. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30058-X.

Aune, D., Norat, T., Leitzmann, M., Tonstad, S., & Vatten, L. J. (2015). Physical activity and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. European journal of epidemiology, 30(7), 529–542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0056-z

Beydoun, M. A., Beydoun, H. A., Gamaldo, A. A., Teel, A., Zonderman, A. B., & Wang, Y. (2014). Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC public health, 14, 643. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-643

Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., Thyfault, J. P., Ruegsegger, G. N., & Toedebusch, R. G. (2017). Role of Inactivity in Chronic Diseases: Evolutionary Insight and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Physiological reviews, 97(4), 1351–1402. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00019.2016

Boyle, T., Keegel, T., Bull, F., Heyworth, J., & Fritschi, L. (2012). Physical activity and risks of proximal and distal colon cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 104(20), 1548–1561. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djs354

Bray, F., Jemal, A., Grey, N., Ferlay, J., & Forman, D. (2012). Global cancer transitions according to the Human Development Index (2008-2030): a population-based study. The Lancet. Oncology, 13(8), 790–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70211-5

Budreviciute, A., Damiati, S., Sabir, D. K., Onder, K., Schuller-Goetzburg, P., Plakys, G., Katileviciute, A., Khoja, S., & Kodzius, R. (2020). Management and Prevention Strategies for Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) and Their Risk Factors. Frontiers in public health, 8, 574111. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.574111

Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J. P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, E., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British journal of sports medicine, 54(24), 1451–1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955

Ferrucci, L., & Fabbri, E. (2018). Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty. Nature reviews. Cardiology, 15(9), 505–522. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-018-0064-2

GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators (2018). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet (London, England), 392(10159), 1923–1994. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6

Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. (2014)“Attaining the nine global noncommunicable diseases targets; a shared responsibility. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/148114/9789241564854_eng.pdf

Haileamlak A. (2019). Physical Inactivity: The Major Risk Factor for Non-Communicable Diseases. Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 29(1), 810. https://doi.org/10.4314/ejhs.v29i1.1

Huston P. (2022). A Sedentary and Unhealthy Lifestyle Fuels Chronic Disease Progression by Changing Interstitial Cell Behaviour: A Network Analysis. Frontiers in physiology, 13, 904107. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.904107

Lynch, B. M., Neilson, H. K., & Friedenreich, C. M. (2011). Physical activity and breast cancer prevention. Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer, 186, 13–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04231-7_2

Malta, D., C. (2014) Chronic non-communicable diseases, a major challenge facing contemporary society. Cien Saude Colet,19(1):4–4. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014191.0084

Manton K. G. (1988). The global impact of noncommunicable diseases: estimates and projections. World health statistics quarterly. Rapport trimestriel de statistiques sanitaires mondiales, 41(3-4), 255–266. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3232413/

Menezes, A. M., Perez-Padilla, R., Jardim, J. R., Muiño, A., Lopez, M. V., Valdivia, G., Montes de Oca, M., Talamo, C., Hallal, P. C., Victora, C. G., & PLATINO Team (2005). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five Latin American cities (the PLATINO study): a prevalence study. Lancet (London, England), 366(9500), 1875–1881. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67632-5

Merchán-Hamann, E.; & Tauil, P. L. (2021). Proposta de classificação dos diferentes tipos de estudos epidemiológicos descritivos Epidemiol. Serv. Saude. 30(1),e2018126. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-49742021000100026

Ministério da Saúde (BR) (2012). Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Departamento de Atenção Básica. Política Nacional de Atenção Básica / Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde.

Mishra, V. K., Srivastava, S., Muhammad, T., & Murthy, P. V. (2022). Relationship between tobacco use, alcohol consumption and non-communicable diseases among women in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey-2015-16. BMC public health, 22(1), 713. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13191-z

Mokdad, A. H., Forouzanfar, M. H., Daoud, F., Mokdad, A. A., El Bcheraoui, C., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Kyu, H. H., Barber, R. M., Wagner, J., Cercy, K., Kravitz, H., Coggeshall, M., Chew, A., O'Rourke, K. F., Steiner, C., Tuffaha, M., Charara, R., Al-Ghamdi, E. A., Adi, Y., Afifi, R. A., … Murray, C. J. (2016). Global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for young people's health during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet (London, England), 387(10036), 2383–2401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00648-6

Ng, R., Sutradhar, R., Yao, Z., Wodchis, W. P., & Rosella, L. C. (2020). Smoking, drinking, diet and physical activity-modifiable lifestyle risk factors and their associations with age to first chronic disease. International journal of epidemiology, 49(1), 113–130. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz078

Parry, C. D., Patra, J., & Rehm, J. (2011). Alcohol consumption and non-communicable diseases: epidemiology and policy implications. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 106(10), 1718–1724. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03605.x

Rehm, J., Samokhvalov, A. V., & Shield, K. D. (2013). Global burden of alcoholic liver diseases. Journal of hepatology, 59(1), 160–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.007

Saqib, Z. A., Dai, J., Menhas, R., Mahmood, S., Karim, M., Sang, X., & Weng, Y. (2020). Physical Activity is a Medicine for Non-Communicable Diseases: A Survey Study Regarding the Perception of Physical Activity Impact on Health Wellbeing. Risk management and healthcare policy, 13, 2949–2962. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S280339

Schuch, F. B., Vancampfort, D., Richards, J., Rosenbaum, S., Ward, P. B., & Stubbs, B. (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis adjusting for publication bias. Journal of psychiatric research, 77, 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.023

The World Bank (2018). Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age). Worldbank.org. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.ALC.PCAP.LI?end=2018&start=2018

The World Bank (2019). Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases (% of total). Worldbank.org. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.DTH.NCOM.ZS?view=chart

The World Bank (2020). Population ages 65 and above (% of total population). Worldbank.org. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS?start=2020&view=chart

The World Bank (2020). Prevalence of current tobacco use (% of adults). Worldbank.org. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.PRV.SMOK

United Nations. (2022)

World Population Prospects 2022 Summary of Results. https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/World-Population-Prospects-2022

Wheaton, A. G., Liu, Y., Croft, J. B., Vanfrank, B., Croxton, T. L., Punturieri A., et al. (2017) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Smoking Status-United States, 2017. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/cme/conted_info.html#weekly.

World Health Organization (WHO). (2016). Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adults. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.2463?lang=en

World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Geneva, World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565639

World Health Organization (WHO). (2022) Global Health Observatory Data Repository. https://www.who.int/data/gho

World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Noncommunicable diseases. Geneva, World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases

Yusuf, S., Hawken, S., Ounpuu, S., Dans, T., Avezum, A., Lanas, F., McQueen, M., Budaj, A., Pais, P., Varigos, J., Lisheng, L., & INTERHEART Study Investigators (2004). Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet (London, England), 364(9438), 937–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9

Publicado

03/03/2023

Cómo citar

FERNANDES, L. de O. .; TEIXEIRA, N. W. .; KOCK, K. de S. . Relación del tabaquismo, la inactividad física, el consumo de alcohol y la población anciana con la mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles: un estudio ecológico con una base de datos mundial. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 3, p. e14812340643, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i3.40643. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/40643. Acesso em: 22 nov. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud