El uso de inhibidores de SGLT2 y su impacto en la enfermedad arterial coronaria: Una revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i9.41542Palabras clave:
El síndrome coronario agudo; Hipoglucemiantes; Enfermedad coronaria; Cardiopatías.Resumen
Introducción: El Síndrome Coronario Agudo es responsable de más de un millón de ingresos hospitalarios al año. Las personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 tienen un mayor factor de riesgo para desarrollar este síndrome. Los inhibidores del cotransportador de sodio glucosa tipo 2 (SGLT2), un medicamento inicialmente desarrollado como agente hipoglucemiante, han mostrado respuestas favorables para proteger contra eventos cardiovasculares en esta población. Objetivo: Esta revisión busca evaluar el beneficio del uso de inhibidores de SGLT2 en pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria y su relación con los resultados clínicos (mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria). Método: Se trata de una revisión narrativa de la literatura, con recolección de datos en las bases: Scielo y MEDLINE. Se incluyeron artículos completos, en inglés, portugués y español, publicados a partir de 2005. Se excluyeron trabajos duplicados, con desvío del objetivo, incompletos y en otros idiomas. Un total de 51 estudios componen esta revisión. Resultados y Discusión: Los inhibidores de SGLT2 son una clase de agentes hipoglucemiantes que reducen la reabsorción de glucosa en los túbulos renales proximales, aumentando la excreción urinaria de glucosa a través de un mecanismo independiente de la insulina. Se sabe que estos fármacos alivian el estrés oxidativo y la disfunción endotelial, regulan a la baja la inflamación sistémica y la actividad simpática, estimulan la producción de eritropoyetina, mejoran la energía del corazón y reducen la precarga, la poscarga y la masa ventricular. Aunque su impacto en los resultados ateroscleróticos en grandes estudios de resultados cardiovasculares ha sido mínimo, estas propiedades deberían, en teoría, ser beneficiosas para los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo. Conclusión: los inhibidores de SGLT2 parecen prometedores en el tratamiento del síndrome coronario agudo y pueden mejorar la supervivencia y los resultados en esta población.
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