Conjunto de cuidados para prevenção da recorrência de úlcera venosa: revisão de escopo

Giulia Viana dos Santos; Matheus Gabriel  Silva; Monise de Melo  Bispo; Dandara Nayara Azevedo  Dantas; Simone Karine da Costa  Mesquita; Rhayssa de Oliveira e  Araújo

doi:10.33448/rsd-v12i5.41630

Autores/as

Giulia Viana dos Santos Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-5475
Matheus Gabriel Silva Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1539-9563
Monise de Melo Bispo Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5929-4283
Dandara Nayara Azevedo Dantas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-9458
Simone Karine da Costa Mesquita Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4537-2014
Rhayssa de Oliveira e Araújo Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-2906

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i5.41630

Palabras clave:

Úlcera Varicosa; Cuidado de Enfermera; Recaída; Enfermería.

Resumen

Objetivo: Mapear un conjunto de cuidados para prevenir la recurrencia de las úlceras venosas, con base en la evidencia científica. Métodos: Revisión de alcance realizada en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/ Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina, Scopus, CINAHL, CAPES Catálogo de tesis y disertaciones, Cochrane y LILACS, entre octubre de 2021 y enero de 2022. Los descriptores Varicose, Ulcer, Se utilizaron Cuidado, Recurrencia, Úlcera Varicosa. Los criterios de elegibilidad fueron: estudios sin restricción de idioma, sin marco temporal, disponibles en texto completo y enfocados en medidas para prevenir la recurrencia de úlceras venosas. Resultados: Se encontraron cinco precauciones para la prevención de la úlcera venosa: educación para la salud (cuadernillos, folletos, e-learning, estrategias efectivas para la cooperación del paciente), terapia de compresión (medias de tamaño adecuado, compresión media o alta, eligiéndose la más fuerte posible de acuerdo con la tolerancia, compresión multicapa), cuidados de los miembros inferiores (elevación de las piernas de 30 minutos a cuatro horas diarias, hidratación de la piel, prevención de accidentes con las piernas, evitando largos periodos de sedestación, bipedestación y ejercicios de pantorrillas, tobillos y marcha), nutrición (sobrepeso control y conocimiento sobre nutrición adecuada) y procedimientos invasivos (escleroterapia con espuma asociada a compresión, desbridamiento radical, injertos y corrección quirúrgica de insuficiencia venosa). Todos los cuidados deben realizarse en un entorno de seguimiento y apoyo (acceso a pruebas, consultas, seguimiento especializado, apoyo social y altos niveles de autoeficacia). Conclusión: actuar integrando los cuidados desde diferentes enfoques es importante para lograr una prevención eficaz de la recurrencia de las úlceras venosas.

Citas

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Conjunto de cuidados para la prevención de la recorrência de úlcera venosa: revisión del alcance

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