Terapia Asistida con Psilocibina: Una revisión exhaustiva de las experiencias de los participantes y facilitadores en estudios cualitativos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i9.43308Palabras clave:
Psilocibina; Hongo psicodélico; Terapia asistida con psilocibina; Revisión general; Experiencias; Investigación cualitativa.Resumen
En las últimas tres décadas se ha producido un aumento de la investigación sobre la Terapia Asistida con Psilocibina (PAT). La PAT ha arrojado resultados positivos en ensayos clínicos y ha demostrado su eficacia en el tratamiento de diversos trastornos mentales. Sin embargo, existe poca investigación cualitativa que explore las experiencias de las personas con la PAT. Este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar la literatura actual sobre las experiencias de las personas que han participado en PAT, así como las personas que han facilitado PAT. Este estudio pretende aumentar nuestra comprensión de la PAT para orientar y mejorar la eficacia terapéutica. Se realizó una revisión del alcance de los estudios en inglés publicados en revistas revisadas por pares. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PsycInfo, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science y Cochrane Library. Los criterios de inclusión fueron estudios cualitativos que incluyeran PAT realizados entre enero de 1990 y diciembre de 2022; artículos publicados en revistas revisadas por pares; y experiencias psicodélicas de profesionales en la facilitación de PAT. En total, se extrajeron 13 artículos para ser incluidos en la revisión. Los artículos se publicaron entre 2017 y 2021, y se dividieron en (1) estudios de participantes (10) y (2) estudios de facilitadores (3). Se identificaron seis temas: la influencia del conjunto y el entorno; PAT fue personalizada y significativa; PAT puede ser altamente emotiva; experiencias trascendentales; reducción de síntomas y cambios duraderos; límites y responsabilidad. La literatura reveló numerosos elementos terapéuticos interrelacionados que pueden haber contribuido a una experiencia significativa durante la PAT. Esto puede desempeñar un papel en el logro de resultados terapéuticos positivos y duraderos. Los estudios fueron variados y destacaron la utilidad de seguir explorando la PAT.
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