Manifestaciones cardíacas agudas en adultos diagnosticados con COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i11.43624Palabras clave:
Enfermedades cardíacas; Cardiopatía; COVID-19.Resumen
Introducción: Las lesiones cardíacas se observan con frecuencia en individuos diagnosticados con COVID-19. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos los pacientes son asintomáticos y pueden manifestar niveles elevados de troponina en sangre, disfunción miocárdica y anomalías electrocardiográficas. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo revisar bibliográficamente las manifestaciones cardíacas agudas en adultos diagnosticados con SARS-CoV-2. Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, con encuesta en las bases de datos: PubMed, Scielo y UpToDate. Se aplicaron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, totalizando una selección de 60 artículos para componer el estudio. Resultados y discusión: En la mayoría de los casos, los síntomas clínicos de los pacientes con lesión cardíaca aguda son compatibles con los síntomas típicos de la COVID-19. Las enfermedades cardíacas se diagnostican mediante pruebas de laboratorio, electrocardiogramas o imágenes. En relación al síndrome coronario agudo, el infarto agudo de miocardio se produce debido a la incompatibilidad entre el suministro y la demanda de oxígeno en la mayoría de los casos. Se han publicados informes que describen sospechas de miocarditis; sin embargo, hasta la fecha no se ha confirmado el diagnóstico de miocarditis viral directamente relacionada con COVID-19. El SARS-CoV-2 puede precipitar la insuficiencia cardíaca en pacientes con una enfermedad cardíaca previamente conocida o no diagnosticada. El trastorno destacado es la insuficiencia respiratoria relacionada con la hipoxia que provoca un shock cardiogénico. Conclusión: Las lesiones cardíacas relacionadas con COVID-19 comúnmente se presentan de forma asintomática. El diagnóstico precoz es de suma importancia debido al aumento de las tasas de mortalidad. Se recomiendan estudios que busquen confirmar la miocarditis viral por COVID-19.
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