Impacto de la recolección en tierras indígenas en el sistema de gestión de residuos sólidos municipales: Un estudio de caso en la Amazonía

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i14.44612

Palabras clave:

Cambio climático; Gases de invernadero; Impacto ambiental; Logística.

Resumen

En la Amazonía, la recolección de residuos sólidos generalmente está restringida a las áreas urbanas, excluyendo las tierras indígenas y las áreas rurales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el impacto de la recolección de residuos generados en tierras indígenas en el sistema de gestión de residuos sólidos municipales (RSU), a través del análisis del ciclo de vida (ACV). Un estudio de caso en la ciudad de Humaitá, estado de Amazonas, Brasil, se basó en datos de inventario del ciclo de vida, obtenidos de la literatura y estudios de campo, como la gravimetría de residuos. El ACV siguió el modelo propuesto por las normas ISO 14040 y 14044 y estimó las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) para tres escenarios de gestión de RSU. El primero, denominado Escenario Base (SB), correspondió al practicado en Humaitá: recolección de RSU del área urbana, logística y disposición en relleno sanitario. El segundo escenario (S1) correspondió a la SB y la recolección de residuos generados en tierras indígenas de ese municipio. El tercer escenario (S2) correspondió al S1, excluyendo los residuos orgánicos, que serían destinados a compostaje en tierras indígenas. El escenario base totalizó una emisión de 1.539 t CO2eq.año-1. La recolección de residuos sólidos en tierras indígenas aumentaría estas emisiones de GEI en un 5,2% (S1) y un 0,9% (S2) con relación a la SB. El manejo descentralizado de los residuos orgánicos mediante compostaje asociado a la separación y almacenamiento de residuos secos reduciría la quema de residuos en zonas indígenas, su vulnerabilidad ambiental y promovería la inclusión de estos pueblos.

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Publicado

22/12/2023

Cómo citar

MENICHELLI, B. H.; OLIVEIRA, B. O. S. de .; MEDEIROS, G. A. de. Impacto de la recolección en tierras indígenas en el sistema de gestión de residuos sólidos municipales: Un estudio de caso en la Amazonía. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 12, n. 14, p. e88121444612, 2023. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v12i14.44612. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/44612. Acesso em: 25 dic. 2024.

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Ingenierías