La historia de la vacuna y sus beneficios

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i1.44652

Palabras clave:

Inmunología; Educación; Salud; COVID-19; Reticencia a la vacunación.

Resumen

La vacunación es uno de los mayores avances de la medicina como método de prevención de enfermedades. Sus primeros registros se produjeron mediante una práctica conocida como variolización. En 1798, Edward Jenner infectó a algunas personas sanas con el virus de la viruela y observó la relación causal entre la enfermedad de la viruela y su contagio. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la historia de la vacunación, su origen, tipos de inmunización y pandemias globales, con énfasis en el COVID-19, como una forma de recopilar información para crear un libro ilustrado. Se realizó una revisión narrativa a través del análisis de artículos, libros y otros trabajos publicados en internet. A pesar de todos los beneficios científicamente probados, las dudas sobre las vacunas han surgido desde sus inicios y están creciendo en todo el mundo. En 2019, gran parte de la población mundial fue infectada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, y este hecho provocó el surgimiento de la pandemia de COVID-19, que puso a prueba la capacidad humana de producir vacunas, al tiempo que puso en evidencia la escasa comprensión de tales métodos por parte de algunos individuos los grupos de diferentes sociedades civiles. Desde entonces, la retórica antivacunas ha ido ganando terreno, guiando el debate mediático e impactando negativamente en la adherencia a la vacunación en diferentes etapas de la vida, con énfasis en los niños, quienes están subordinados a los familiares en la recepción de las vacunas. Se concluye que la historia de la vacunación es un tema complejo debido a su contexto histórico de surgimiento y procesos histórico-científicos, dificultando muchas veces la comprensión del tema, equipando a grupos que se oponen a las prácticas de vacunación.

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Publicado

28/01/2024

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SANTOS, V. A. R. .; ALMEIDA, M. E. F. de . La historia de la vacuna y sus beneficios. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 1, p. e12913144652, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i1.44652. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/44652. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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