Protocolos de higiene bucal adoptados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i4.45560

Palabras clave:

Servicio odontológico hospitalario; Unidad de cuidados intensivos; Higiene bucal.

Resumen

El ecosistema de la cavidad bucal humana es dinámico y diverso, evolucionando desde las primeras etapas de la vida. La madre desempeña un papel crucial como fuente principal de microflora oral para el bebé, pero a medida que el niño crece, su microbiota oral se estabiliza. En el ámbito hospitalario, los pacientes con enfermedades graves y sistemas inmunitarios comprometidos enfrentan riesgos de salud adicionales. En las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI), especialmente con intubación, el riesgo de neumonía, como la neumonía asociada a ventilador (NAV), aumenta debido a la colonización bacteriana en la garganta como resultado de una higiene bucal inadecuada. La NAV se considera una de las principales causas de estancias prolongadas en la UCI y de aumento de la mortalidad y los costes. Se han implementado varios enfoques dentales para pacientes ventilados mecánicamente, incluidos procedimientos de higiene dental y el uso de soluciones antisépticas para la higiene bucal, como enjuagues bucales. Sin embargo, todavía no existe un método definitivo reconocido como el más eficaz para garantizar una salud bucal adecuada en la UCI. Tampoco hay consenso sobre el tema, lo que destaca la necesidad continua de investigación para determinar las mejores prácticas en el cuidado dental de pacientes críticamente enfermos. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo investigar los protocolos de higiene bucal adoptados en las UCI, su efectividad y beneficios, destacando la VAP como una de las principales preocupaciones en ese ambiente, a través de una revisión integradora de la literatura.

Citas

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Publicado

22/04/2024

Cómo citar

CARDOSO, J. de M. .; PINTO, B. M. G. . Protocolos de higiene bucal adoptados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 4, p. e8713445560, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i4.45560. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/45560. Acesso em: 17 jul. 2024.

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