Prevalencia de secuelas relacionadas con el síndrome post-COVID-19: Una revisión integrativa de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i5.45803Palabras clave:
Sindrome COVID-19; Síndrome post agudo de COVID-19; COVID Longa; Estadísticas de secuelas y discapacidad.Resumen
Ante la pandemia de COVID-19, millones de personas se infectaron en todo el mundo con un desarrollo agudo de la enfermedad y, desde entonces, han surgido evidencias en la academia sobre posibles efectos crónicos post-contagio, lo que llevó al surgimiento del término 'síndrome post-COVID-19'. En vista de esto, en el presente trabajo se analiza la evidencia disponible para investigar las complicaciones derivadas de la infección por COVID-19 a través de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, con el objetivo de describir e identificar las principales secuelas expuestas. Se incluyeron cincuenta y seis artículos de la base de datos en la plataforma PubMed utilizando los descriptores: “síndrome post-agudo de COVID-19-19” y “epidemiología”. La prevalencia global de COVID-19 prolongado osciló entre el 4.7% y el 80%. Los principales factores de riesgo descritos fueron la edad avanzada, el sexo femenino, la gravedad de la infección aguda y las enfermedades respiratorias previas. En cuanto a los síntomas más encontrados, destacan la fatiga, disnea, disfunción cognitiva y trastornos del sueño. El COVID-19 prolongado puede manifestarse en múltiples sistemas orgánicos, los eventos fisiopatológicos subyacentes aún requieren aclaración. Además, todavía no existe una definición estandarizada aceptada para el síndrome post-COVID-19, lo que limita la comparación de resultados presentados en diferentes estudios epidemiológicos.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Ana Paula Costa Trajano; Ana Carolina Pereira Matos; Kennely Giovana Fernandes Guedes; Leonardo Baldaçara; Raquel Prudente de Carvalho Baldaçara
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