Programa Stewardship de antimicrobianos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto: Uma revisão integrativa

Luana Cristina Maia de  Oliveira; Lizzianne Kretli Winkelstroter  Eller; Adriano Messias de  Souza

doi:10.33448/rsd-v13i6.45883

Autores/as

Luana Cristina Maia de Oliveira Universidade do Oeste Paulista https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1514-3457
Lizzianne Kretli Winkelstroter Eller Universidade do Oeste Paulista https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-2630
Adriano Messias de Souza Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-6503

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i6.45883

Palabras clave:

Unidad de cuidados intensivos; Resistencia bacteriana; Control de infecciones; Administración de antimicrobianos.

Resumen

Los pacientes de la UCI tienen más probabilidades de contraer infecciones relacionadas con la salud debido a su grave estado clínico y al uso inadecuado de antimicrobianos, lo que puede conducir a un aumento de la resistencia bacteriana. En este contexto, una estrategia para el control de la resistencia bacteriana es la optimización de los antimicrobianos, definida como intervenciones coordinadas para reducir el uso inadecuado de antimicrobianos, reducir el desarrollo de resistencias y reducir los costos. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión integradora sobre la aplicación de la administración de antimicrobianos a los resultados clínicos y económicos de los pacientes adultos en la UCI. Metodología: Esta revisión adoptó la estrategia PICo para plantear la pregunta "¿Qué mejoras puede aportar el programa de optimización de antimicrobianos a las unidades de cuidados intensivos para adultos?" Se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos: LILACS, PubMed Central, SCOPUS, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE, SCIENCE DIRECT y MEDLINE, con artículos publicados en inglés entre 2018 y 2023. Los descriptores DeCS y MeSH fueron: "Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos", "Administración de Antimicrobianos", "Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana", "Control de Infecciones”. Resultados: Doce estudios estuvieron de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión establecidos y demostraron que la adherencia a las intervenciones propuestas por el Antimicrobial Stewardship Program se asocia con una disminución del tiempo y de las dosis de antibioticoterapia, además de estimular el uso racional en la UCI.Conclusión: El Programa de Administración de Antimicrobianos en UCI de adultos aporta beneficios en la reducción de la resistencia bacteriana y el uso de antimicrobianos. En consecuencia, se reducen los costes hospitalarios, siendo el farmacéutico el actor clave en la estrategia para el uso racional y seguro de los antimicrobianos.

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