Comparación de las complicaciones perioperatorias en la artroplastia total de rodilla: Enfoque robótico versus convencional – revisión de la literatura

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i9.46748

Palabras clave:

Artroplastia de reemplazo de rodilla; Procedimientos quirúrgicos robotizados; Rodilla.

Resumen

Las enfermedades osteomusculares afectan negativamente al sistema musculoesquelético, causando dolor y limitación del movimiento, así como daños en el cartílago debido a traumas mecánicos, obesidad y movimientos excesivos, llevando a un ciclo inflamatorio que compromete la articulación. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las complicaciones de los procedimientos quirúrgicos robóticos y tradicionales en la artroplastia de tobillo (ATJ). El diseño del estudio se llevó a cabo en forma de una revisión integradora de la literatura. Se revisaron las complicaciones intraoperatorias asociadas a la ATJ y a la artroplastia total de tobillo robótica (ATJR), analizando 32 artículos de 2018 a 2024. La ATJ convencional presenta complicaciones como hipotensión, atelectasias, trombosis venosa profunda (TVP) y dolor postoperatorio, con una tasa de insatisfacción de aproximadamente 20%. La ATJR, a pesar de un mayor tiempo de operación, muestra menor variación en la angulación de la prótesis y reducción en la necesidad de transfusiones sanguíneas. Sin embargo, la ATJR tiene costos más altos y mayor riesgo de infecciones. El uso de torniquete durante la ATJ está asociado con complicaciones como aumento del dolor y riesgo de trombosis, mientras que el ácido tranexámico (TXA) demuestra eficacia en la reducción de la pérdida sanguínea y la necesidad de transfusiones, sin un impacto negativo significativo en el dolor o en el rango de movimiento. La infiltración periarticular (PAI) es más eficaz en la reducción del dolor postoperatorio comparada con el bloqueo del canal del aductor (ACB). En conclusión, la ATJR ofrece ventajas en la precisión y estabilidad de la prótesis, pero con desafíos como mayor costo y tiempo de operación, debiendo la elección del método considerar las especificidades y riesgos de cada enfoque.

Citas

Alexandersson, M., Wang, E. Y., & Eriksson, S. (2019). A small difference in recovery between total knee arthroplasty with and without tourniquet use the first 3 months after surgery: a randomized controlled study. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 27(4), 1035–1042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-5196-8

Cao, Q., Wu, Q., Liu, Y., He, Z., Cong, Y., Meng, J., Zhao, J., & Bao, N. (2022). Effects of Tourniquet Application on Faster Recovery after Surgery and Ischemia-Reperfusion Post-Total Knee Arthroplasty, Cementation through Closure versus Full-Course and Nontourniquet Group. The journal of knee surgery, 35(14), 1577–1586. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728814

Cheng, K. Y., Feng, B., Peng, H. M., Bian, Y. Y., Zhang, L. J., Han, C., Qiu, G. X., & Weng, X. (2020). The analgesic efficacy and safety of peri-articular injection versus intra-articular injection in one-stage bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. BMC anesthesiology, 20(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-019-0922-4

Chun, L., Michael Tim-Yun Ong, Chau, W.-W., Jonathan Patrick Ng, Griffith, J. F., & Kevin Ki-Wai Ho. (2022). Avulsion Fracture of Bicruciate Ligament and Patellar Tendon in Bicruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplasty Today, 16, 57–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2022.04.013

Danoff, J. R., Heimroth, J., Willinger, M., Trout, S., & Sodhi, N. (2023). Surgical Technique: Robotic-Assisted 1.5-Stage Exchange Total Knee Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Arthroplasty Today, 21(2352-3441), 101126–101126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2023.101126

Deckey, D. G., Verhey, J. T., Rosenow, C. S., Doan, M. K., McQuivey, K. S., Joseph, A. M., Schwartz, A. J., Clarke, H. D., & Bingham, J. S. (2022). Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Allows for Trainee Involvement and Teaching Without Lengthening Operative Time. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 37(6S), S201–S206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2021.12.030

He, R., Sun, M., Xiong, R., Yang, J., Guo, L., & Yang, L. (2023). Semiactive robotic-arm system versus patient-specific instrumentation in primary total knee arthroplasty: Efficacy and accuracy. Asian Journal of Surgery, 46(2), 742–750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.06.151

Held, M. B., Grosso, M. J., Gazgalis, A., Sarpong, N. O., Boddapati, V., Neuwirth, A., & Geller, J. A. (2021). Improved Compartment Balancing Using Robot-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplasty Today, 7, 130–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artd.2020.12.022

Karampinas, P. K., Megaloikonomos, P. D., Lampropoulou-Adamidou, K., Papadelis, E. G., Mavrogenis, A. F., Vlamis, J. A., & Pneumaticos, S. G. (2019). Similar thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban and low molecular weight heparin but fewer hemorrhagic complications with combined intra-articular and intravenous tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty. European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology: orthopedie traumatologie, 29(2), 455–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-018-2307-7

Kulkarni, M. M., Dadheech, A. N., Wakankar, H. M., Ganjewar, N. V., Hedgire, S. S., & Pandit, H. G. (2019). Randomized Prospective Comparative Study of Adductor Canal Block vs Periarticular Infiltration on Early Functional Outcome After Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty. The Journal of arthroplasty, 34(10), 2360–2364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2019.05.049

Lai, Y., Xu, H., Su, Q., Wan, X., Yuan, M., & Zhou, Z. (2022). Effect of tourniquet use on blood loss, pain, functional recovery, and complications in robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-022-02992-y

Lin, W., Niu, J., Dai, Y., Zhang, H., Zhu, J., & Wang, F. (2020). A surgical reduction technique for posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture in total knee arthroplasty: a comparison study. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 15(1), 295. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-01810-7

Loeser, R. F. (2023). Pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/pathogenesis-of-osteoarthritis

Lu, C., Song, M., Chen, J., Li, C., Lin, W., Ye, G., Wu, G., Li, A., Cai, Y., Wu, H., Liu, W., & Xu, X. (2020). Does tourniquet use affect the periprosthetic bone cement penetration in total knee arthroplasty? A meta-analysis. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 15(1), 602. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-02106-6

Luo, Y., Zhao, X., Releken, Y., Yang, Z., Pei, F., & Kang, P. (2020). Hemostatic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carbazochrome Sodium Sulfonate in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of arthroplasty, 35(1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2019.07.045

Naziri, Q., Burekhovich, S. A., Mixa, P. J., Pivec, R., Newman, J. M., Shah, N. V., Patel, P. D., & Sastry, A. (2019). The trends in robotic-assisted knee arthroplasty: A statewide database study. Journal of Orthopaedics, 16(3), 298–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jor.2019.04.020

Pinsornsak, P., Pinitchanon, P., & Boontanapibul, K. (2021). Effect of Different Tourniquet Pressure on Postoperative Pain and Complications After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of arthroplasty, 36(5), 1638–1644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2020.12.049

Raddaoui, K., Khedhri, W., Zoghlami, K., Radhouani, M., Trigui, E., & Kaabachi, O. (2019). Perioperative morbidity in total knee arthroplasty. The Pan African medical journal, 33, 233. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.33.233.19095

Smith, A. F., Usmani, R. H., Wilson, K. D., Smith, L. S., & Malkani, A. L. (2021). Effect of Tourniquet Use on Patient Outcomes After Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 36(7), 2331–2334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2021.01.053

Soares, C. O., Pereira, B. F., Gomes, M. V. P., Marcondes, L. P., Gomes, F. de C., & Neto, J. S. de M. -. (2019). Preventive Factors against work-related Musculoskeletal disorders: Narrative Review. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Trabalho, 17(3), 415–430. https://doi.org/10.5327/z1679443520190360

Sousa, A. S. de; Oliveira, G. S. de; Alves, L. H. (2021) A pesquisa bibliográfica: princípios e fundamentos. Cadernos da FUCAMP, 20(43).

Stulberg, B. N., Zadzilka, J. D., Kreuzer, S., Yair Kissin, Liebelt, R. A., Long, W. J., & Campanelli, V. (2021). Safe and effective use of active robotics for TKA: Early results of a multicenter study. Journal of Orthopaedics, 26, 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jor.2021.07.001

Tang, Y., Wen, Y., Li, W., Li, H., Yang, Y., & Liu, Y. (2019). The efficacy and safety of multiple doses of oral tranexamic acid on blood loss, inflammatory and fibrinolysis response following total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial. International journal of surgery (London, England), 65, 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.03.011

Taylor, S. K., Sephian, A., & Clader, T. (2020). Intraoperative tibial plateau fracture during bone preparation in a cruciate retaining primary total knee arthroplasty. BMJ case reports, 13(9), e233826. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-233826

Tompkins, G. S., Sypher, K. S., Li, H.-F., Griffin, T. M., & Duwelius, P. J. (2021). Robotic Versus Manual Total Knee Arthroplasty in High Volume Surgeons: A Comparison of Cost and Quality Metrics. The Journal of Arthroplasty. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2021.12.018

Volpin, A., Maden, C., & Konan, S. (2020). New Advances in Robotic Surgery in Hip and Knee Replacement. Elsevier EBooks, 397–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814245-5.00023-2

Wang, H. Y., Wang, L., Luo, Z. Y., Wang, D., Tang, X., Zhou, Z. K., & Pei, F. X. (2019). Intravenous and subsequent long-term oral tranexamic acid in enhanced-recovery primary total knee arthroplasty without the application of a tourniquet: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 20(1), 478. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2885-5

Wang, H. Y., Yuan, M. C., Pei, F. X., Zhou, Z. K., & Liao, R. (2020). Finding the optimal control level of intraoperative blood pressure in no tourniquet primary total knee arthroplasty combine with tranexamic acid: a retrospective cohort study which supports the enhanced recovery strategy. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 15(1), 350. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-01887-0

Wang, J. C., Piple, A. S., Hill, W. J., Chen, M. S., Gettleman, B. S., Richardson, M., Heckmann, N. D., & Christ, A. B. (2022). Computer-Navigated and Robotic-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty: Increasing in Popularity Without Increasing Complications. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 37(12), 2358–2364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2022.06.014

Wang, Y., & Zhou, A. (2020). A new improvement: subperiosteal cocktail application to effectively reduce pain and blood loss after total knee arthroplasty. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 15(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-020-1563-5

Xu, H., Xie, J., Yang, J., Huang, Z., Wang, D., & Pei, F. (2023). Synergistic Effect of a Prolonged Combination Course of Tranexamic Acid and Dexamethasone Involving High Initial Doses in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The journal of knee surgery, 36(5), 515–523. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739197

Xu, J., Li, L., Fu, J., Xu, C., Ni, M., Chai, W., Hao, L., Zhang, G., & Chen, J. (2022). Early Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Robot-Assisted Versus Conventional Manual Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Study. Orthopaedic Surgery, 14(9), 1972–1980. https://doi.org/10.1111/os.13323

Yuan, M., Shi, X., Su, Q., Wan, X., & Zhou, Z. (2021). A prospective randomized controlled trial on the short-term effectiveness of domestic robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 35(10). https://doi.org/10.7507/1002-1892.202106047

Zhang, Y. M., Yang, B., Sun, X. D., & Zhang, Z. (2019). Combined intravenous and intra-articular tranexamic acid administration in total knee arthroplasty for preventing blood loss and hyperfibrinolysis: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine, 98(7), e14458. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000014458

Publicado

14/09/2024

Cómo citar

OLIVEIRA FILHO, O. L. de .; VALLE, A. L. .; BORBA, P. H. C. .; FABRICIO, M. C. F. .; PEREIRA, R. C. .; RIBEIRO, D. F. .; CONFESSOR, M. V. A. . Comparación de las complicaciones perioperatorias en la artroplastia total de rodilla: Enfoque robótico versus convencional – revisión de la literatura. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 9, p. e3813946748, 2024. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v13i9.46748. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/46748. Acesso em: 27 sep. 2024.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud