Microbiota intestinal: Relaciones con la obesidad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i10.47009Palabras clave:
Obesidad; Disbiosis; Microbioma gastrointestinal.Resumen
Objetivo: Elucidar la relación entre la alteración de la microbiota intestinal y el aumento de peso, describir la composición de la microbiota intestinal del individuo obeso y las condiciones proporcionadas por la microbiota intestinal que favorecen el aumento del número de adipocitos en estos individuos. Métodos: Revisión descriptiva de la literatura con investigación bibliográfica realizada en el primer semestre de 2023, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS). Se seleccionaron artículos en los idiomas inglés, portugués y español, que se ajustaron a los objetivos de esta revisión. La selección se basó en el protocolo Prisma 2009, atravesando las etapas: inclusión, elegibilidad, selección e identificación de los artículos, y estos fueron datados de los últimos 5 años. Los descriptores utilizados fueron “obesidad”, “disbiosis” y “microbiota intestinal”. Resultados: Cambios en la composición de la microbiota tras un estilo de vida activo y saludable están asociados a un balance positivo entre bacterias intestinales: Firmicutes y Bacteroidetes que, a su vez, mostraron mayor disponibilidad de nutrientes. La diversidad bacteriana intestinal está íntimamente relacionada con individuos más estables, resistentes a invasiones patogénicas y con ausencia de sobrepeso y obesidad. Conclusión: Los artículos estudiados mostraron que la disbiosis provoca alteraciones en el funcionamiento de la barrera intestinal, generando inflamación, lo que contribuirá a la resistencia a la insulina y al aumento de peso. Sin embargo, se necesitan estudios más robustos para seguir revelando las interacciones entre la microbiota intestinal y la obesidad.
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