La escisión quirúrgico-intervencionista en medicina cardiovascular: Un análisis del sistema de salud brasileño

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i2.48176

Palabras clave:

Enfermedades cardiovasculares; Procedimientos quirúrgicos cardiovasculares; Mortalidad hospitalaria; Sistema Único de Salud; Inequidades en salud.

Resumen

Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar la mortalidad intrahospitalaria, los costos y la duración de la estancia entre la cirugía cardiovascular tradicional y la cardiología intervencionista en el SUS (2009-2023), evaluar las tendencias temporales de la sustitución tecnológica y cuantificar los efectos a largo plazo utilizando modelos ajustados por riesgo. Un diseño ecológico analizó datos agregados de 2.303.648 procedimientos. Los modelos ARIMA y la regresión binomial negativa ajustaron las tendencias temporales y el riesgo de mortalidad. Los resultados revelaron una sustitución tecnológica acelerada (-1,27% de disminución anual en cirugías; p < 0,001), con ventaja de mortalidad inicial para los procedimientos intervencionistas (RR = 0,43; IC 95%: 0,11-0,76). Sin embargo, las proyecciones sintéticas mostraron una inversión de beneficios para 2023 (+72,38 muertes en exceso), vinculada a una curva de aprendizaje inversa para las intervenciones (+0,83% de mortalidad por 1% de aumento de volumen; p < 0,001). El ahorro de costos (R$ 5.524/caso) y la menor hospitalización (-5,07 días) coexistieron con el aumento de la complejidad en las cohortes quirúrgicas, aumentando el riesgo de mortalidad basal en un 0,59% anual (p < 0,001). El estudio concluye que la sustitución tecnológica en el SUS logró eficiencia económica, pero requiere inversiones paralelas en capacitación y estratificación de riesgos para la sostenibilidad clínica.

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Publicado

04/02/2025

Cómo citar

MARTINS, G. K.; PACÍFICO, M. R. F. .; REIS, M. E. D. de S. .; NASCIMENTO, K. de J. do .; VIEIRA, L. P. de M. .; SANTOS, A. G. M. .; SANTOS, E. K. La escisión quirúrgico-intervencionista en medicina cardiovascular: Un análisis del sistema de salud brasileño. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 2, p. e1014248176, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i2.48176. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/48176. Acesso em: 2 abr. 2025.

Número

Sección

Ciencias de la salud