Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes con alteraciones orales durante la infección por COVID-19 – una revisión integrativa

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i3.48306

Palabras clave:

COVID-19; Pandémies; Prueba de anticuerpos COVID-19; Manifestaciones orales.

Resumen

La COVID-19, identificada por primera vez en Wuhan, China, en diciembre de 2019, escaló rápidamente a una pandemia global, causando importantes crisis sanitarias y económicas. Además de los síntomas sistémicos, se han reportado diversas manifestaciones orales en pacientes infectados, dada la alta presencia del receptor del SARS-CoV-2 (ACE-2) en los tejidos orales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una revisión integradora de la literatura para analizar las alteraciones orales asociadas con la COVID-19, recopilando casos de la base de datos PubMed hasta el 26 de febrero de 2021. Se incluyeron un total de 19 estudios que abarcaron 266 pacientes. Las manifestaciones orales más comunes fueron disgeusia, ageusia, hipogeusia, úlceras aftosas y hemorrágicas, sensación de ardor y xerostomía. También se observaron coinfecciones orales, como herpes simple y candidiasis. Los resultados indican que los pacientes con condiciones sistémicas (por ejemplo, hipertensión, diabetes, obesidad) tienden a desarrollar síntomas más graves y requieren hospitalización, particularmente las personas mayores de 60 años. El estudio resalta la importancia de los profesionales dentales en el manejo multidisciplinario de pacientes con COVID-19, ya que los síntomas orales pueden servir como indicadores tempranos de infección. La estandarización de la información en futuros estudios es esencial para mejorar la comprensión de la implicación oral en la COVID-19.

Citas

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Publicado

07/03/2025

Cómo citar

GOMES, A. C.; BORBA, K. de; GONÇALVES, J. M. Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes con alteraciones orales durante la infección por COVID-19 – una revisión integrativa. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 14, n. 3, p. e1514348306, 2025. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v14i3.48306. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/48306. Acesso em: 24 may. 2025.

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