Angina inestable de riesgo bajo a moderado y angina estable: Una revisión de métodos de estratificación no invasiva validados en el escenario actual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i3.48387Palabras clave:
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares; Síndrome Coronaria Aguda; Angina; Angina Inestable; Angina Estable.Resumen
El síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) se presenta con un amplio y variable espectro clínico, que va desde la sospecha en pacientes con equivalentes anginosos, como epigastralgia, parestesia cervicobraquial, disnea, hasta aquellos con dolor torácico típico o, incluso, en el escenario más grave, paro cardiorrespiratorio (PCR). Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad mundial, y el SCA suele ser la primera manifestación de esta. La distinción entre angina inestable de alto riesgo, que frecuentemente requiere un enfoque invasivo con cateterismo coronario, y angina de bajo a moderado riesgo, para la cual se pueden aplicar varias herramientas de estratificación no invasiva, es de suma importancia. Existen varios puntajes ampliamente reconocidos para ayudar en la diferenciación de estos casos, los cuales se mencionan a lo largo de este trabajo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo explorar, a través de una revisión bibliográfica, las diversas estrategias diagnósticas en el contexto de la enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) estable e inestable de bajo a moderado riesgo. Dado que las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de mortalidad mundial y que la angina estable e inestable de bajo a moderado riesgo tiene una amplia gama de métodos de estratificación, este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el enfoque de los principales métodos gráficos validados, analizando sus herramientas principales: ventajas, desventajas, sensibilidad, especificidad y aplicación en el contexto de angina inestable de riesgo moderado y angina estable.
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