Perspectivas y desafíos del tratamiento antifúngico para la mucormicosis en pacientes con COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v14i3.48442Palabras clave:
Infecciones fúngicas; Agentes antifúngicos; Comorbilidad; Manejo de la enfermedad.Resumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha provocado un aumento de infecciones oportunistas, como la mucormicosis, más conocida como “hongo negro”, que se ha vuelto frecuente en varias partes del mundo, especialmente en la India. Esta infección fúngica es altamente debilitante y tiene altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad; la terapia antimicótica se centra en medicamentos antimicóticos convencionales con o sin tratamiento exitoso. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las principales perspectivas y desafíos que genera el tratamiento antifúngico en pacientes que adquirieron COVID-19 y, en consecuencia, micosis causadas por hongos del orden Mucorales. Para ello, se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura basada en un proceso de planificación de cinco pasos: elaboración de la pregunta de investigación (identificación del problema), búsqueda de estudios en la literatura, evaluación de los estudios, análisis de datos y presentación de la revisión, utilizando la estrategia PICO. Durante la búsqueda en las bases de datos se encontraron inicialmente 292 estudios (Science Direct=112, PubMed=35, Scielo=1 y MEDLINE=144), de los cuales se incluyeron 38 estudios. Entre los estudios, se observó que existe una mayor necesidad de diagnóstico precoz, así como de producción de un manejo clínico intensivo, especialmente para pacientes con comorbilidades; y también hay una falta de producción de protocolos específicos para casos de mucormicosis relacionados con COVID-19 con el objetivo de mejorar los resultados clínicos.
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