La relación entre la postura corporal, el funcionamiento de la biomecánica y el uso de plantillas sensoriales: una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6793Palabras clave:
Presión plantar; Biomecánica de carrera; Sensores; Plantilla.Resumen
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión de la literatura, buscando sintetizar informaciones sobre la relación entre postura corporal, biomecánica de carrera y el uso de plantillas sensoriales, así como contribuir a las investigaciones que se han llevado a cabo sobre este tema. Metodología: La investigación se realizó en las siguientes bases de datos: Science Direct, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science y Scielo. Los descriptores utilizados para buscar los artículos fueron: postura corporal, carrera, lesiones, presión plantar, sensores y plantillas sensoriales; estos términos también se usaron en asociación entre sí. Resultados: Entre las publicaciones, se seleccionaron artículos que incluían revisiones de literatura, tratamientos o investigaciones in vivo, hasta 2020. Esta revisión identificó la existencia de varios sensores de presión disponibles en el mercado, con tecnologías de sensores piezoeléctricos capacitivos, resistivos. y piezoresistivos. Este trabajo también identificó varios beneficios de usar la tecnología de la plantilla: mejoras en el equilibrio y la velocidad de oscilación, en la dirección anteroposterior; redistribución de la presión plantar durante la marcha en pacientes diabéticos; y cambio en la relación de presión en función del tiempo, a través del área plantar. Conclusión: El progreso realizado por el uso de estos sensores en los últimos años ha motivado a los investigadores a buscar mejoras en el rendimiento y la practicidad de esta tecnología, que puede utilizarse para el diagnóstico de trastornos del equilibrio, un factor relacionado con la postura corporal y la biomecánica del funcionamiento.
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