Perfil químico y bioprospección de granos de cacao analizados por espectrometría de masas con ionización por paper spray
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6882Palabras clave:
PS-MS; Theobroma cacao; Compuestos bioactivos; 20-Hidroxiecdisona; Clovamida.Resumen
Productos derivados del cacao han recibido cada vez más reconocimiento y relevancia tanto por parte de los consumidores como de los productores. Los granos de cacao son los principales componentes responsables de gran parte de la cadena agroindustrial del cacao que actualmente se valora por las propiedades bioactivas que se encuentran en sus subproductos, lo que crea un gran interés en explorar los potenciales del cacao. Trabajos que objetivan evaluar los compuestos en semillas de la fruta emplean HPLC, UHPLC y LC-MS. Este trabajo empleó la espectrometría de masas por paper spray (PS-MS) como método para caracterizar y bioprospectar el perfil químico de granos de cacao (Theobroma cacao) de la variedad forrasteiro cultivada en el estado brasileño de Pará. Extractos metanólicos se prepararon con muestras de granos de cacao y se evaluaron en modos de ionización negativa y positiva. En el modo de ionización positiva, fue posible identificar 11 compuestos, que comprenden las clases metilxantinas (18.2%), fenilpropanoides (9.1%), esteroides (27.3%) y flavonoides (45.5%), mientras que en el modo de ionización negativa, fue posible identificar 55 compuestos entre ácidos hidroxibenzoicos (16.4%), fenilpropanoides (20.0%), flavonoides (52.7%), azúcares y glucósidos (10.9%). PS-MS demostró ser eficaz para la evaluación de muestras de granos de cacao, identificando un total de 66 compuestos. Las propiedades bioactivas atribuidas al cacao se confirmaron en muestras analizadas por los compuestos identificados a través de PS-MS al tiempo que indicaban la calidad de materia prima y describían su perfil químico, contribuyendo a una mayor comprensión de sus atributos.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Afonso Henrique de Oliveira Júnior, Ana Luiza Coeli Cruz Ramos, Mayara Neves Santos Guedes, Miriã Cristina Pereira Fagundes, Rodinei Augusti, Júlio Onésio Ferreira Melo
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