Técnicas de identificação humana em Odontologia Legal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13200Palavras-chave:
Antropologia Forense; Odontologia Legal; Identificação de Vítimas; Ciências forenses.Resumo
A identificação humana é de extrema importância em questões jurídicas e sociais. Vários métodos foram desenvolvidos e aprimorados ao logo dos anos para se estabelecer a identidade individual através da odontologia forense. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar por meio de uma revisão da literatura, técnicas utilizadas pela Odontologia Legal na identificação humana. Para isso foram levantados artigos em sua íntegra sobre as seguintes técnicas de identificação forense utilizadas pela Odontologia Legal: exames radiográficos; estágios de mineralização do dente; seios paranasais; rugoscopia palatina; saliva; marcas de mordida e impressões labiais. Com exceção da técnica que utiliza as marcas de mordida, que serve apenas para casos de exclusão de identificação, todas as demais foram efetivas para a identificação humana, isoladamente ou associadas a outros métodos. Cada técnica tem vantagens, desvantagens, limitações em sua aplicação e indicações específicas que devem ser analisadas de acordo com os casos individualmente e materiais disponíveis para comparação de registros ante mortem e post mortem. Neste contexto, é essencial que o profissional da Odontologia que atua na clínica odontológica, preencha e guarde adequadamente os prontuários dos seus pacientes. Nesta era digital, a guarda de exames por imagem, sejam radiológicos (como radiografias e tomografias computadorizadas) ou não (como fotografias e escaneamentos 3D intraorais) é simples, prática, e de fundamental importância forense.
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