Profilaxia pré e pós exposição ao Covid-19: Uma revisão sistemática

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13509

Palavras-chave:

SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; Profilaxia; Revisão.

Resumo

Introdução: Covid-19 é definida como a infecção respiratória causada pelo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2. A ausência de tratamentos específicos, a alta incidência da doença e a preocupação global com os efeitos socioeconômicos suscitam a necessidade de determinar medidas profiláticas para o combate a esta pandemia. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, realizada a partir de pesquisa nas bases Pubmed e DOAJ de trabalhos com os descritores “profilaxia” e “prevenção” em Covid-19. Os dados foram extraídos em planilha de Excel, organizados por nível de evidência e dispostos na classificação “profilaxia não medicamentosa” e “profilaxia medicamentosa”. O desfecho considerado foi Covid-19 confirmado laboratorialmente. A pesquisa forneceu 63 artigos da base PubMed e 388 resultados da base DOAJ, sendo selecionados 19 trabalhos. Das intervenções não farmacológicas, fechamento de escolas, quarentena obrigatória da comunidade, testagem em massa com isolamento de casos, isolamento obrigatória de imigrantes, distanciamento social superior a 1 metro, uso de máscaras descartáveis e higiene das mãos impactam significativamente no pico, quantidade total de casos e duração do surto, bem como no número de mortes. Triagem de sintomáticos em portos e aeroportos apresentou limitada efetividade. Das intervenções farmacológicas, apesar de ensaios pré-clínicos promissores, evidências atuais não apoiam uso profilático de vitamina D, zinco, cloroquina/hidroxicloroquina, ivermectina ou colchicina na prevenção do Covid-19. Conclusão: A pandemia atual é uma crise de saúde pública e econômica sem precedentes e as únicas formas de profilaxia eficazes foram as não medicamentosas.

Biografia do Autor

Mateus da Silveira Cespedes, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul

Estudante do sexto ano de Medicina da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS).

José Carlos Rosa Pires de Souza, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul

Médico psiquiatra, PhD em saúde mental, professor do curso de medicina da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul.

Iris Bucker Froes , Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul

Médica Infectologista, mestre em Doenças Infectoparasitárias, professora do curso de Medicina da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul.

Vitor Cruz Rosa Pires de Souza, Universidade Anhanguera-Uniderp

Acadêmico de Medicina na Universidade para o Desenvolvimento do Estado e da Região do Pantanal – Universidade Anhanguera-Uniderp

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19/03/2021

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CESPEDES, M. da S. .; SOUZA, J. C. R. P. de; FROES , I. B. .; SOUZA, V. C. R. P. de . Profilaxia pré e pós exposição ao Covid-19: Uma revisão sistemática. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 3, p. e36710313509, 2021. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13509. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/13509. Acesso em: 21 dez. 2024.

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Artigos de Revisão