Plásticos no ambiente marinho frio: uma revisão sobre o potencial de biodegradação microbiana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i3.13642Palavras-chave:
Plástico; Oceano; Ambiente extremo; Biorremediação; Psicrofílicos.Resumo
Os plásticos são produtos amplamente utilizados pois apresentam propriedades desejáveis para diversos setores industriais, como durabilidade, plasticidade e transparência. Toneladas deste material vêm se acumulando em diversos ambientes do mundo, tornando-se uma problemática ambiental. Uma alternativa de eliminação deste material é a busca por microrganismos adaptados ao frio, os quais desenvolvem vias catalíticas diferenciadas para se adaptarem às baixas temperaturas, podendo sintetizar enzimas aptas a metabolizar estes materiais. Devido à ausência ou baixa atividade destas enzimas, essa estratégia ainda é um desafio sem solução efetiva. O objetivo da presente revisão foi avaliar as pesquisas sobre a biodegradação dos plásticos por microrganismos de ambientes marinhos frios, nos últimos 10 anos, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: “Plastic biodegradation AND cold oceans”, “Plastic biodegradation AND (Psychrophile OR Psychrophilic)”, “PETases AND (bacteria OR fungus)” e “Extremophile AND plastic biodegradation”. Foi realizado um levantamento de publicações nas bases científicas Pubmed, Scopus e na ferramenta de busca Google Scholar. Foram encontrados 11.481 trabalhos, dos quais 97.9%, 1.84% e 0.26% foram recuperados do Google Scholar, Scopus e Pubmed, respectivamente. Espécies pertencentes aos gêneros Streptomyces, Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas e Rhodococcus foram as mais frequentemente mencionadas como potenciais degradadores de plásticos em ambientes marinhos frios. Os resultados deste trabalho mostram que os estudos voltados para a degradação de plásticos por microrganismos de ambiente frio ainda são escassos, abrindo assim, perspectivas para que novos trabalhos sejam realizados abordando essa temática.
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