Fenotipagem por DNA Forense: um ponto de partida para o modelo de predição na população de Pernambuco, Brasil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i13.20955Palavras-chave:
Genes de pigmentação; População miscigenada; Brasil; SNPs; Preditores fenotípicos; Inteligência artificial.Resumo
O estudo das Características Externamente Visíveis (CEV) da pigmentação associada a SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) tornou-se um alvo na área forense devido à possibilidade de caracterizar fenotipicamente um indivíduo. No Brasil, poucos são os dados que mostram a avaliação de alguns desses marcadores, portanto, mais estudos são necessários para entender melhor o processo de pigmentação relacionado aos marcadores genéticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a associação entre 8 SNPs presentes na ferramenta HIrisplex e as CEV para fornecer um ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento de modelos de predição para populações heterogêneas como a de Pernambuco. 176 indivíduos foram avaliados por meio de associações entre dados autorreferidos de cor dos olhos, cabelo e pele e os polimorfismos. Ferramentas de inteligência artificial foram utilizadas para os modelos de predição. Foram encontradas associações significativas entre rs1800404 (OCA2), rs6058017 (ASIP), rs16891982 (SLC45A2) e rs1426654 (SLC24A5) com as CEV. Os modelos de predição avaliados apresentaram índices de predição satisfatórios, acima de 60% para cor da pele e acima de 70% para olhos e cabelos. As associações encontradas em nossos dados mostram a importância da avaliação de SNPs utilizados na Fenotipagem por DNA, por sua capacidade de fornecer novas informações no contexto de investigações criminais. Os dados encontrados indicam que é possível usar informações moleculares para predizer fenótipos em populações miscigenadas, como a brasileira. Esses polimorfismos podem ser possíveis preditores fenotípicos para a população de Pernambuco.
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