Plantas medicinais e metais pesados: uma revisão bibliométrica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i9.32338Palavras-chave:
Plantas medicinais; metais pesados; Segurança alimentar.Resumo
A utilização de plantas medicinais é uma prática muito antiga. De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, aproximadamente 80% da população utiliza plantas para fins terapêuticos. Plantas medicinais são espécies vegetais com vários princípios ativos, que podem agir no organismo humano e de animais para combater muitas doenças. Apesar de seus efeitos benéficos para a saúde, muitos estudos relatam a contaminação por metais pesados, por fontes naturais e antropogênicas. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar qualitativamente publicações, realizadas nos últimos 10 anos, sobre contaminação por metais pesados em plantas medicinais, a fim de compreender os mecanismos de tolerância das plantas a presença de metais pesados, conhecer a legislação que norteia o uso de plantas medicinais, e compreender o que ainda precisa ser feito para evitar a contaminação por metais pesados por meio das plantas medicinais. Para a elaboração desta revisão foi realizada uma busca na base Scopus, utilizando os termos “heavy metal” and “medicinal plants”. Após a busca, os trabalhos foram analisados com auxílio do software VOsviewer®. Conclui-se que o interesse pelas plantas nos últimos 10 anos é constante. As plantas possuem diferentes formas para tolerar a presença de metais pesados. Novas regulamentações precisam ser implementadas, a fiscalização de produtos à base de plantas precisa ser mais rigorosa e a população precisa ser melhor informada quanto às propriedades terapêuticas baseadas em trabalhos científicos e sobre as possíveis fontes de contaminação presentes nas plantas.
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