Microrganismos promotores de crescimento de plantas como mitigadores do estresse hídrico em pastagens: uma revisão narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i11.34029Palavras-chave:
Bactérias; Fungos; Micorrizas; Co-inoculação; Resiliência.Resumo
O estresse hídrico é uma realidade presente em ambientes pastoris em todo o Brasil, e de maneira mais desafiadora em regiões semiáridas. Essas condições climáticas colocam em prova a tolerância ao estresse hídrico espécies forrageiras usadas, que apesar de sua rusticidade, diminuem marcantemente seu desempenho em baixas disponibilidades hídricas, o que limita a expressão de todo seu potencial produtivo. Nesse sentido, torna-se importante a busca por tecnologias sustentáveis que auxiliem uma maior resiliência da produção animal a pasto e que sejam benéficas ao meio ambiente, como o uso de microrganismos promotores de crescimento de plantas, que potencialmente, podem ajudar estas espécies a tolerar os efeitos deletérios do estresse hídrico. Como isso, o objetivo dessa revisão foi compilar informações sobre o uso de bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas, fungos micorrizicos arbusculares e sua co-inoculação com agentes mitigadores do estresse hídrico em plantas forrageiras. Diante de dados obtidos em plataformas de pesquisa, abordou-se os efeitos de inoculações com microrganismos benéficos do solo sobre características morfofisiológicas e produtivas de plantas forrageiras e como potencialmente essa simbiose pode auxiliar as plantas a tolerarem o estresse hídrico, além de descrever as especificidades da relação tripartite entre fungos, bactérias e plantas forrageiras. Com essa revisão, constatou-se que o uso de insumos microbiológicos como moduladores da tolerância de espécies à seca apresenta potencial utilização, sendo necessário maior volume de estudos para consolidar a técnica de maneira que a fortaleça com uma alternativa sustentável e resiliente da pecuária a pasto.
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