Ficus spp.: Phytochemical composition and medicinal potential
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i12.34135Keywords:
Ficus carica; Antioxidant; Chemical composition; Phenolic compounds; Patents.Abstract
This review aims to gather information on chemical compounds, biological activities and patents concerning parts of Ficus species, in order to contribute to the design of future studies. Systematic research was carried out on databases over the last five years. A total of 103 papers and 11 patents were found. Several species were investigated considering their chemical composition and biological properties. Organic acids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and terpenes were identified. Ficus carica was the most investigated species of the genus. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-hyperglycemic, antidiabetes, anticancer and cytotoxic were the main reported activities, revealing their natural supplementary potential in contemporary diseases. Some of their chemical constituents presented pharmacological properties. These results suggest the potential of extracts and essential oil of Ficus genus in pharmacological industry. More studies still need to identify the compounds related to each property. Patents concerning parts of Ficus spp. involve different application areas, mainly cosmetics, food and pharmacology. This review may inspire investigations considering the development of new drugs, as well as new scientific and technological research using different parts of the Ficus genus.
References
Abdel-Aty, A. M., Hamed, M. B., Salama, W. H., Ali, M. M., Fahmy, A. S., & Mohamed, S. A. (2019). Ficus carica, Ficus sycomorus and Euphorbia tirucalli latex extracts: Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 20(June), 101199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101199
Abolmaesoomi, M., Abdul Aziz, A., Mat Junit, S., & Mohd Ali, J. (2019). Ficus deltoidea: Effects of solvent polarity on antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities in breast and colon cancer cells. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 28(May), 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2019.05.002
Abrahim, N. N., Abdul-Rahman, P. S., & Aminudin, N. (2018). The antioxidant activities, cytotoxic properties, and identification of watersoluble compounds of Ficus deltoidea leaves. PeerJ, 2018(10), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5694
Abu Bakar, U., Subramaniam, P., Kamar Bashah, N. A., Kamalrudin, A., Kamaruzaman, K. A., Jasamai, M., Aizat, W. M., Shahinuzzaman, M., & Mat Noor, M. (2020). Sperm Proteomics Analysis of Diabetic Induced Male Rats as Influenced by Ficus carica Leaf Extract. Processes, 8(4), 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040395
Aihua, X. (2017). Ficus pumila sunblock (Patent No. CN 106580831A. 2017 April 26.).
Ajaib, M., Almas, M., Khan, K. M., Perveen, S., & Shah, S. (2016). Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Ficus natalensis. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 38(2), 345–351.
Akhtar, N., Iqbal, S., Shahzad, M. F., Latif, M., & Iqbal, F. (2020). Oral supplementation of Ficus religiosa leaf extract adversely affects the selected behavioral aspects of male albino mice. Biologia, 75(12), 2295–2300. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-020-00492-0
Akhtar, N., Jafri, L., Green, B. D., Kalsoom, S., & Mirza, B. (2018). A multi-mode bioactive agent isolated from Ficus microcarpa L. Fill. With therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9(NOV), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01376
Akomolafe, S. F., Oboh, G., Oyeleye, S. I., & Boligon, A. A. (2016). Aqueous extract from Ficus capensis leaves inhibits key enzymes linked to erectile dysfunction and prevent oxidative stress in rats’ penile tissue. NFS Journal, 4, 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nfs.2016.06.001
Al-Khdhairawi, A. A. Q., Krishnan, P., Mai, C. W., Chung, F. F. L., Leong, C. O., Yong, K. T., Chong, K. W., Low, Y. Y., Kam, T. S., & Lim, K. H. (2017). A Bis-benzopyrroloisoquinoline Alkaloid Incorporating a Cyclobutane Core and a Chlorophenanthroindolizidine Alkaloid with Cytotoxic Activity from Ficus fistulosa var. tengerensis. Journal of Natural Products, 80(10), 2734–2740. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00500
Alcántara, C., Žugčić, T., Abdelkebir, R., García-Pérez, J. V., Jambrak, A. R., Lorenzo, J. M., Collado, M. C., Granato, D., & Barba, F. J. (2020). Effects of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Solvent on the Phenolic Profile, Bacterial Growth, and Anti-Inflammatory/Antioxidant Activities of Mediterranean Olive and Fig Leaves Extracts. Molecules, 25(7), 1718. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071718
AlGhalban, F. M., Khan, A. A., & Khattak, M. N. K. (2021). Comparative anticancer activities of Ficus carica and Ficus salicifolia latex in MDA-MB-231 cells. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.061
Ashraf, A., Zafar, S., Ashraf, M. Y., Ijaz, M. U., Muzammal, S., Asad, F., Jabeen, F., & Shahid, M. (2020). Phytochemical composition and potent biological activities of Ficus benjamina var. comosa leaves extract. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 52(2), 531–535. https://doi.org/10.30848/PJB2020-2(3)
Ashraf, K., Halim, H., Lim, S. M., Ramasamy, K., & Sultan, S. (2020). In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative studies of four different extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus, Gynura procumbens and Ficus deltoidea. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(1), 417–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.003
Awolola, G. V., Sofidiya, M. O., Baijnath, H., Noren, S. S., & Koorbanally, N. A. (2019). The phytochemistry and gastroprotective activities of the leaves of Ficus glumosa. South African Journal of Botany, 126, 190–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.015
Awolola, G. V., Chenia, H. Y., Baijnath, H., & Koorbanally, N. A. (2018). Identification of secondary metabolites and resistance modifying activity of Ficus bizanae leaf, stem bark and fruit extracts. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research, 75(1), 71–81.
Bagyalakshmi, B., Nivedhitha, P., & Balamurugan, A. (2019). Studies on phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Ficus racemosa L. leaf and fruit extracts against wound pathogens. Vegetos, 32(1), 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42535-019-00007-6
Bopage, N. S., Kamal Bandara Gunaherath, G. M., Jayawardena, K. H., Wijeyaratne, S. C., Abeysekera, A. M., & Somaratne, S. (2018). Dual function of active constituents from bark of Ficus racemosa L in wound healing. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2089-9
Changri, H., Taiming, S., & Xiaoping, S. (2018). Isoflavone compound in Ficus auriculata as well as preparation method and application thereof (Patent No. CN 108358878B. 2018 August 3.).
Chen, X.-X., Lam, K. H., Chen, Q.-X., Leung, G. P.-H., Tang, S. C. W., Sze, S. C.-W., Xiao, J.-B., Feng, F., Wang, Y., Zhang, K. Y.-B., & Zhang, Z.-J. (2017). Ficus virens proanthocyanidins induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells concomitantly ameliorated 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucositis in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 110(June), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.017
Cheng, J., Yi, X., Chen, H., Wang, Y., & He, X. (2017). Anti-inflammatory phenylpropanoids and phenolics from Ficus hirta Vahl. Fitoterapia, 121(June), 229–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2017.07.018
Cheng, J., Yi, X., Wang, Y., Huang, X., & He, X. (2017). Phenolics from the roots of hairy fig (Ficus hirta Vahl.) exert prominent anti-inflammatory activity. Journal of Functional Foods, 31, 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.035
Chindo, B. A., Schröder, H., Koeberle, A., Werz, O., & Becker, A. (2016). Analgesic potential of standardized methanol stem bark extract of Ficus platyphylla in mice: Mechanisms of action. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 184, 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.003
Chuo, P. H., Uzar, F., Abdul-Rahman, P. S., Abdullah, N., & Aminudin, N. (2020). Alterations of Cholesterol Lowering-Related Proteins in the Serum of Hypercholesterolemic-Induced Rats Treated with Ficus deltoidea. Sains Malaysiana, 49(5), 1055–1066. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4905-10
Cruz-Concepción, B. D. la, Espinoza-Rojo, M., Álvarez-Fitz, P., Illades-Aguiar, B., Acevedo-Quiroz, M., Zacapala-Gómez, A. E., Navarro-Tito, N., Jiménez-Wences, H., Torres-Rojas, F. I., & Mendoza-Catalán, M. A. (2021). Cytotoxicity of Ficus Crocata Extract on Cervical Cancer Cells and Protective Effect against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in HaCaT Non-Tumor Cells. Plants, 10(1), 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010183
Cruz, J. M. dos A., Corrêa, R. F., Lamarão, C. V., Kinupp, V. F., Sanches, E. A., Campelo, P. H., & Bezerra, J. de A. (2022). Ficus spp. fruits: Bioactive compounds and chemical, biological and pharmacological properties. Food Research International, 152(December 2021), 110928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110928
Desta, W., Shumbahri, M., & Gebrehiwot, S. (2020). Application of Ficus carica L. And Solanum incanum L. Extracts in Coagulation of Milk. And Case of Traditional Practice in Ab’ala Area, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia. Biochemistry Research International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9874949
Dini, I., Falanga, D., Di Lorenzo, R., Tito, A., Carotenuto, G., Zappelli, C., Grumetto, L., Sacchi, A., Laneri, S., & Apone, F. (2021). An extract from Ficus carica cell cultures works as an anti-stress ingredient for the skin. Antioxidants, 10(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040515
Dom, N. S. M., Yahaya, N., Adam, Z., Rahman, N. M. A. N. A., & Hamid, M. (2020). Antiglycation and Antioxidant Properties of Ficus deltoidea Varieties. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6374632
Dureshahwar, K., Mubashir, M., Upaganlwar, A., Sangshetti, J. N., Upasani, C. D., & Une, H. D. (2019). Quantitative Assessment of Tactile Allodynia and Protective Effects of flavonoids of Ficus carica Lam. Leaves in Diabetic Neuropathy. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 13 (Suppl(62), 179–188. https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_553_18
El-Beltagi, H. S., Mohamed, H. I., Abdelazeem, A. S., Youssef, R., & Safwat, G. (2019). GC-MS Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of Extracts from Ficus sycomorus Fruits and Leaves. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 47(2), 493–505. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha47211405
El-hawary, S. S., Ali, Z. Y., & Younis, I. Y. (2019). Hepatoprotective potential of standardized Ficus species in intrahepatic cholestasis rat model: Involvement of nuclear factor-κB, and Farnesoid X receptor signaling pathways. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 231(October 2018), 262–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.026
Ergül, M., Ergül, M., Eruygur, N., Ataş, M., & Uçar, E. (2019). In Vitro Evaluation of the Chemical Composition and Various Biological Activities of Ficus carica Leaf Extracts. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16(4), 401–409. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.70037
Florence, T., Gan, D., & Hines, M. (2017). Topical skin care formulations comprising plant extracts (Patent No. US 20170165193A1. 2017 July 15.).
Foyet, H. S. H., Tchinda Deffo, S., Koagne Yewo, P., Antioch, I., Zingue, S., Asongalem, E. A., Kamtchouing, P., & Ciobica, A. (2017). Ficus sycomorus extract reversed behavioral impairment and brain oxidative stress induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress in rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-017-2012-9
Gawande, V., & Morlock, G. (2021). Effect-directed profiling of Ficus religiosa leaf extracts for multipotent compounds via 12 effect-directed assays. Journal of Chromatography A, 1637, 461836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461836
Ghanbari, A., Le Gresley, A., Naughton, D., Kuhnert, N., Sirbu, D., & Ashrafi, G. H. (2019). Biological activities of Ficus carica latex for potential therapeutics in Human Papillomavirus (HPV) related cervical cancers. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37665-6
Ghazi, F., Rahmat, A., Yassin, Z., Ramli, N. S., & Buslima, N. A. (2012). Determination of Total Polyphenols and Nutritional Composition of Two Different Types of Ficus carica Leaves Cultivated in Saudi Arabia. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 11(11), 1061–1065. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2012.1061.1065
Hafid, A. F., Permanasari, A. A., Tumewu, L., Adianti, M., Aoki, C., Widyawaruyanti, A., Soetjipto, Lusida, M. I., & Hotta, H. (2016). Activities of Ficus fistulosa Leave Extract and Fractions against Hepatitis C Virus. Procedia Chemistry, 18(Mcls 2015), 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2016.01.028
Haijia, C., Xiaohu, G., Fei, W., Yifei, W., & Xiaoyan, W. (2018). A kind of Korean ginseng stem cell skin care composition and preparation method thereof (Patent No. CN 107616964A.2018 January 13.).
Hassan, H. A., Allam, A. E., Abu-Baih, D. H., Mohamed, M. F. A., Abdelmohsen, U. R., Shimizu, K., Desoukey, S. Y., Hayallah, A. M., Elrehany, M. A., Mohamed, K. M., & Kamel, M. S. (2020). Isolation and characterization of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from: Ficus benghalensis L. leaves. RSC Advances, 10(60), 36920–36929. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ra06565j
Heroor, S., Beknal, A., Mahurkar, N., Hiremath, S., & Inamdar, S. (2020). Sterols possess immunomodulatory property: Activity guided isolation and in vitro screening of phytoconstituents of Pongamia glabra and Ficus glomerata. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 12(3), 310–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2019.12.007
Howlader, M. S. I., Siraj, M. A., Dey, S. K., Hira, A., Ahmed, A., & Hossain, M. H. (2017). Ficus hispida Bark Extract Prevents Nociception, Inflammation, and CNS Stimulation in Experimental Animal Model. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7390359
Irudayaraj, S. S., Christudasa, S., Antony, S., Duraipandiyan, V., Abdullah, A. D. N., & Ignacimuthu, S. (2017). Protective effects of Ficus carica leaves on glucose and lipids levels, carbohydrate metabolism enzymes and β-cells in type 2 diabetic rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 55(1), 1074–1081. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1279671
Javaid, A., Anwar, S., Ali, Z., & Naseem, S. (2021). Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Fingerprinting of Ficus carica and Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant Activity. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 25(3), 677–682. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.1716
Jeong, S.-J., Lim, H.-S., Kim, Y.-J., & Kim, B.-Y. (2018). Composition for preventing, improving or treating cognitive impairment, containing Ficus erecta extract as active ingredient (Patent No. WO 2018080157A1. 2018 May 3.).
Jia, X. Y., Wu, Y. M., Li, J. Y., Lei, C., & Hou, A. J. (2020). Alkaloid Constituents of Ficus hispida and Their Antiinflammatory Activity. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 10(1), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-020-00233-5
Jiaxu, J., & Changjun, C. (2017a). A kind of processing method of fermented soya beans, salted or other wise fragrance Corned beef (Patent No. CN 107114695A. 2017 September 1.).
Jiaxu, J., & Changjun, C. (2017b). A kind of processing method of quick-frozen beef balls (Patent No. CN 107087762A. 2017 August 25.).
Jie, Z., Tingindo, S., Hui, F., & Hongtao, L. (2018). A kind of instant particles as Chinese medicine and preparation method thereof for treating renal edema (Patent No. CN 108815443A. 2018 November 16.).
Keshari, A. K., Kumar, G., Kushwaha, P. S., Bhardwaj, M., Kumar, P., Rawat, A., Kumar, D., Prakash, A., Ghosh, B., & Saha, S. (2016). Isolated flavonoids from Ficus racemosa stem bark possess antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and protective effects in albino Wistar rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 181, 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.004
Khajuria, V., Gupta, S., Bhagat, A., & Ahmed, Z. (2018). In-vitro assessment of cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Ficus palmata. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 13(December 2017), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2017.12.001
Khanal, P., & Patil, B. M. (2020). In vitro and in silico anti-oxidant, cytotoxicity and biological activities of Ficus benghalensis and Duranta repens. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 12(4), 406–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2020.02.004
Knothe, G., Razon, L. F., & Castro, M. E. G. de. (2019). Fatty acids, triterpenes and cycloalkanes in Ficus seed oils. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 135, 127–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.030
Latayada, F. S., Uy, M. M., Akihara, Y., Ohta, E., Nehira, T., Ômura, H., & Ohta, S. (2017). Ficusnotins A-F: Rare diarylbutanoids from the leaves of Ficus nota. Phytochemistry, 141(5), 98–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.05.016
Latayada, F. S., Uy, M. M., Akihara, Y., Ohta, E., & Ohta, S. (2017). Two new C11-terpenes with an octahydrobenzofuran skeleton isolated from the leaves of Ficus nota. Phytochemistry Letters, 19, 237–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2017.01.018
Lawal, O. A., Adebayo, M. A., Sikiru, A. A., & Ogunwande, I. A. (2016). Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Ficus asperifolia Miq. and Ficus capensis Thunb from Nigeria. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 19(7), 1693–1700. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2016.1226963
Lv, H., Hu, C., Xie, Z., Wang, P., Chen, X., & Wen, C. (2020). Purification, characterization and anti-tumor activity of a pectic-type polysaccharide isolated from Ficus pandurata H. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 153, 201–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.244
Manjuprasanna, V. N., Rudresha, G. V., Urs, A. P., Milan Gowda, M. D., Rajaiah, R., & Vishwanath, B. S. (2020). Drupin, a cysteine protease from Ficus drupacea latex accelerates excision wound healing in mice. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 165, 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.215
Mbougnia, J. F. T., Happi, G. M., Bitchagno, G. T. M., Awouafack, M. D., Lenta, B. N., Kouam, S. F., Tane, P., Sewald, N., & Tene, M. (2021). Chemical constituents from Ficus natalensis hochst ( Moraceae ) and their chemophenetic significance. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 95(January), 104227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2021.104227
Mikail, H. G., Akumka, D. D., Adamu, M., & Zaifada, A. U. (2019). Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and sedative-hypnotic activity of the methanol leaf extract of Ficus exasperata in mice. Veterinary World, 12(6), 830–833. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.830-833
Misso, R.-L. N. M., Biteghe, F. A. N., Obiang, C. S., Ondo, J.-P., Gao, N., Cervantes-Cervantes, M., Vignaux, G., Vergeade, A., Engohang-Ndong, J., Mendene, H. E., Mabika, B., Abessolo, F. O., Engonga, L.-C. O., & Ndong, J. D. L. C. (2020). Effect of aqueous extracts of Ficus vogeliana Miq and Tieghemella africana Pierre in 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced skin cancer in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 263(May), 113244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113244
Moe, T. S., Win, H. H., Hlaing, T. T., Lwin, W. W., Htet, Z. M., & Mya, K. M. (2018). Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant, antiglycation and antimicrobial potential of indigenous Myanmar medicinal plants. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 16(5), 358–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2018.08.001
Mohd Dom, N. S., Yahaya, N., Adam, Z., Nik Mohd, N. M. A., & Hamid, M. (2020). Antiglycation and Antioxidant Properties of Ficus deltoidea Varieties. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6374632
Mopuri, R., Ganjayi, M., Meriga, B., Koorbanally, N. A., & Islam, M. S. (2018). The effects of Ficus carica on the activity of enzymes related to metabolic syndrome. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 26(1), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2017.03.001
Mouho, D. G., Oliveira, A. P., Kodjo, C. G., Valentão, P., Gil-Izquierdo, A., Andrade, P. B., Ouattara, Z. A., Bekro, Y. A., & Ferreres, F. (2018). Chemical findings and in vitro biological studies to uphold the use of Ficus exasperata Vahl leaf and stem bark. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 112(December 2017), 134–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.043
Mustafa, K., Yu, S., Zhang, W., Mohamed, H., Naz, T., Xiao, H., Liu, Y., Nazir, Y., Fazili, A. B. A., Nosheen, S., Bai, X., & Song, Y. (2021). Screening, characterization, and in vitro-ROS dependent cytotoxic potential of extract from Ficus carica against hepatocellular (HepG2) carcinoma cells. South African Journal of Botany, 138, 217–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.12.018
Nirwana, I., Rianti, D., Soekartono, R. H., Listyorini, R. D., & Basuki, D. P. (2018). Antibacterial activity of fig leaf (Ficus carica Linn.) extract against Enterococcus faecalis and its cytotoxicity effects on fibroblast cells. Veterinary World, 11(3), 342–347. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.342-347
Nurdiana, S., Goh, Y. M., Hafandi, A., Dom, S. M., Nur Syimal’ain, A., Noor Syaffinaz, N. M., & Ebrahimi, M. (2018). Improvement of spatial learning and memory, cortical gyrification patterns and brain oxidative stress markers in diabetic rats treated with Ficus deltoidea leaf extract and vitexin. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 8(1), 190–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.05.006
Ohashi, M., Amoa-Bosompem, M., Kwofie, K. D., Agyapong, J., Adegle, R., Sakyiamah, M. M., Ayertey, F., Owusu, K. B., Tuffour, I., Atchoglo, P., Tung, N. H., Uto, T., Aboagye, F., Appiah, A. A., Appiah-Opong, R., Nyarko, A. K., Anyan, W. K., Ayi, I., Boakye, D. A., … Ohta, N. (2018). In vitro antiprotozoan activity and mechanisms of action of selected G hanaian medicinal plants against Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium parasites. Phytotherapy Research, 32(8), 1617–1630. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6093
Oyebode, O. T., Ogunbiyi, F. O., & Olorunsogo, O. O. (2019). Opening of liver mitochondrial permeability transition pore in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and its inhibition by methanol fraction of Ficus mucoso (Welw) root bark. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 17(6), 446–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2019.10.001
Ozdenefe, M. S., Tanoglu, F., Suer, K., Guler, E., & Mercimek Takci, H. A. (2020). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Ficus sycomorus fruit and leaf extracts. Marmara Medical Journal, 33(3), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.5472/marumj.816301
Panday, D. R., & Rauniar, G. P. (2016). Effect of root-extracts of Ficus benghalensis (Banyan) in memory, anxiety, muscle co-ordination and seizure in animal models. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1413-5
Paşayeva, L., Özalp, B., & Fatullayev, H. (2020). Potential enzyme inhibitory properties of extracts and fractions from fruit latex of Ficus carica-based on inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 14(5), 2819–2827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00527-9
Petruccelli, R., Ieri, F., Ciaccheri, L., & Bonetti, A. (2018). Polyphenolic profiling and chemometric analysis of leaves from Italian Ficus carica L. Varieties. Polyphenol compounds in common fig. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 83(2), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.17660/eJHS.2018/83.2.5
Purnamasari, R., Winarni, D., Permanasari, A. A., Agustina, E., Hayaza, S., & Darmanto, W. (2019). Anticancer Activity of Methanol Extract of Ficus carica Leaves and Fruits Against Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Necrosis in Huh7it Cells. Cancer Informatics, 18, 117693511984257. https://doi.org/10.1177/1176935119842576
Pwaniyibo, S. F., Teru, P. A., Samuel, N. M., & Jahng, W. J. (2020). Anti-diabetic effects of Ficus asperifolia in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders, 19(1), 605–616. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00524-1
Raafat, K., & Wurglics, M. (2019). Phytochemical analysis of Ficus carica L. active compounds possessing anticonvulsant activity. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 9(4), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.01.007
Raheel, R., Saddiqe, Z., Iram, M., & Afzal, S. (2017). In vitro antimitotic, antiproliferative and antioxidant activity ofstembark extracts of Ficus benghalensis L. South African Journal of Botany, 111, 248–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.03.037
Raza, M. A., Anwar, F., Shahwar, D., Majeed, A., Mumtaz, M. W., Danish, M., Nazar, M. F., Perveenn, I., & Khan, S. U.-D. (2016). Antioxidant and antiacetylcholine esterase potential of aerial parts of Conocarpus erectas, Ficus variegata and Ficus maclellandii. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 29(2), 489–495. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27087094/
Renpu, L. (2020). Preparation method of freeze-dried powder of composition with acne removing effect (Patent No. CN 107822979B. 2020 November 10.).
Rjeibi, I., Ncib, S., Alimi, H., Ben Saad, A., Saïd, I., & Souid, S. (2017). Comparison of phytochemicals, antimicrobial, and antioxidant capacities in different anatomical parts of Ficus microcarpa (Moraceae). Journal of Food Biochemistry, 41(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12354
Sadasivan Nair, A. N., Raveendran Nair, R. V., Rajendran Nair, A. P., Nair, A. S., Thyagarajan, S., Johnson, A. J., & Baby, S. (2020). Antidiabetes constituents, cycloartenol and 24-methylenecycloartanol, from Ficus krishnae. PLoS One, 15(6), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235221
Saloufou, K. I., Boyode, P., Simalou, O., Eloh, K., Idoh, K., Melila, M., Toundou, O., Kpegba, K., & Agbonon, A. (2018). Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of different parts of Ficus sur. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 7(3), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.15171/jhp.2018.30
Samrot, A. V., Bisyarah, U., Kudaiyappan, T., Etel, F., & Abubakar, A. (2021). Ficus iyrata plant gum derived polysaccharide based nanoparticles and its application. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 31(October 2020), 101871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101871
Samsulrizal, N., Goh, Y. M., Ahmad, H., Md Dom, S., Azmi, N. S., NoorMohamad Zin, N. S., & Ebrahimi, M. (2021). Ficus deltoidea promotes bone formation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 59(1), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2020.1865411
Sánchez-Valdeolívar, C. A., Alvarez-Fitz, P., Zacapala-Gómez, A. E., Acevedo-Quiroz, M., Cayetano-Salazar, L., Olea-Flores, M., Castillo-Reyes, J. U., Navarro-Tito, N., Ortuño-Pineda, C., Leyva-Vázquez, M. A., Ortíz-Ortíz, J., Castro-Coronel, Y., & Mendoza-Catalán, M. A. (2020). Phytochemical profile and antiproliferative effect of Ficus crocata extracts on triple-negative breast cancer cells. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-02993-6
Shaheen, I., & Ahmad, K. S. (2021). Identification and quantification of phyto-constituents of wild Moraceae-Ficus palmata Forssk and its implication as synthesizing fuel for biomimetic nanomaterials. Chemical Papers, January. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01397-7
Shahinuzzaman, M., Yaakob, Z., Anuar, F. H., Akhtar, P., Kadir, N. H. A., Hasan, A. K. M., Sobayel, K., Nour, M., Sindi, H., Amin, N., Sopian, K., & Akhtaruzzaman, M. (2020). In vitro antioxidant activity of Ficus carica L. latex from 18 different cultivars. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67765-1
Shaikh, A., Ibrahim, M., & Khan, M. (2020). Effect of Ficus glomerata leaf extract in streptozotocin-induced early diabetic complications and its characterization by LC-MS. EXCLI Journal, 19, 33–47. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32038115/
Singh, T. G., Sharma, R., Kaur, A., Dhiman, S., & Singh, R. (2020). Evaluation of renoprotective potential of Ficus religiosa in attenuation of diabetic nephropathy in rats. Obesity Medicine, 19(July), 100268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100268
Soltana, H., Flamini, G., & Hammami, M. (2017). Volatile compounds from six varieties of Ficus carica from Tunisia. Records of Natural Products, 11(2), 157–165.
Sukowati, Y. K., Johan, A., & Murwani, R. (2019). Ethanol Extracts of Ficus carica Fruit and Leaf Normalize High Serum Lipid Profile, TNF-α, and MDA due to High Fat Diet in Sprague Dawley Rat. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 7(3), 772–782. https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.7.3.16
Suliman, S., Yagi, S., Elbashir, A. A., Mohammed, I., Hussein, A., Ak, G., Zengin, G., Orlando, G., & Ferrante, C. (2021). Phenolic profile, enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities and bioinformatics analysis of leaf and stem bark of Ficus sycomorus L. Process Biochemistry, 101(November 2020), 169–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2020.11.011
Sumi, S. A., Siraj, M. A., Hossain, A., Mia, M. S., Afrin, S., & Rahman, M. M. (2016). Investigation of the Key Pharmacological Activities of Ficus racemosa and Analysis of Its Major Bioactive Polyphenols by HPLC-DAD. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3874516
Suriyakalaa, U., Ramachandran, R., Doulathunnisa, J. A., Aseervatham, S. B., Sankarganesh, D., Kamalakkannan, S., Kadalmani, B., Angayarkanni, J., Akbarsha, M. A., & Achiraman, S. (2021). Upregulation of Cyp19a1 and PPAR-γ in ovarian steroidogenic pathway by Ficus religiosa: A potential cure for polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 267(November 2020), 113540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113540
Surya, S., Arun Kumar, R., Carla, B., & Sunil, C. (2017). Antihyperlipidemic effect of Ficus dalhousiae miq. stem bark on Triton WR-1339 and high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 55(1), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bfopcu.2016.10.003
Sutter, J., Chindo, B. A., & Becker, A. (2019). Effects of a methanol extract of Ficus platyphylla stem bark on a two-way active avoidance task and on body core temperature. Behavioural Brain Research, 367(April), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2019.04.008
Suttisansanee, U., Pitchakarn, P., Ting, P., Inthachat, W., Thiyajai, P., Rodthayoy, D., Karinchai, J., Chanatarasuwan, B., Nuchuchua, O., & Temviriyanukul, P. (2021). Health‐promoting bioactivity and in vivo genotoxicity evaluation of a hemiepiphyte fig, Ficus dubia. Food Science & Nutrition, January, fsn3.2205. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2205
Taviano, M. F., Rashed, K., Filocamo, A., Cacciola, F., Dugo, P., Mondello, L., Bisignano, C., Acquaviva, R., D’Arrigo, M., & Miceli, N. (2018). Phenolic profile and biological properties of the leaves of Ficus vasta Forssk. (Moraceae) growing in Egypt. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 18(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2210-0
Teinkela, J. E. M., Noundou, X. S., Fannang, S., Meyer, F., Vardamides, J. C., Mpondo, E. M., Krause, R. W. M., Azebaze, A. G. B., & Nguedia, J. C. A. (2017). In vitro antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract and compounds from the wood of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots. South African Journal of Botany, 111, 302–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2017.03.026
Teinkela, J. M. E., Nguedia, J. C. A., Meyer, F., Donfack, E. V., Ndjakou, B. L., Ngouela, S., Tsamo, E., Adiogo, D., Azebaze, A. G. B., & Wintjens, R. (2016). In vitro antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities of plant extracts from Spathodea campanulata, Ficus bubu, and Carica papaya. Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(6), 1086–1095. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2015.1103273
Teinkela, J. M. E., Noundou, X. S., Nguemfo, E. L., Meyer, F., Djoukoue, A., Van Antwerpen, P., Ngouela, S., Tsamo, E., Mpondo, E. A. M., Vardamides, J. C., Azebaze, G. A. B., & Wintjens, R. (2016). Identification of compounds with anti-proliferative activity from the wood of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots. Fitoterapia, 112, 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2016.05.002
Teinkela, J. M. E., Noundou, X. S., Nguemfo, E. L., Meyer, F., Wintjens, R., Isaacs, M., Mpondo, A. E. M., Hoppe, H. C., Krause, R. W. M., & Azebaze, A. G. B. (2018). Biological activities of plant extracts from Ficus elastica and Selaginella vogelli: An antimalarial, antitrypanosomal and cytotoxity evaluation. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(1), 117–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.07.002
Tian, M., Zhao, X., Wu, X., Hong, Y., Chen, Q., Liu, X., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oil from Ficus tikoua Bur. Records of Natural Products, 14(3), 219–224. https://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.161.19.10.1450
Wajiha, & Qureshi, N. A. (2021). In vitro Anticoccidial, Antioxidant Activities and Biochemical Screening of Methanolic and Aqueous Leaves Extracts of Selected Plants. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 41(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.29261/pakvetj/2020.071
Wei, L. (2020). Probiotic fermented medicine and food homologous traditional Chinese medicine tea beverage for preventing cancer and preparation method thereof (Patent No. CN 110754553A.2020 July 2.).
Wong, P. Lou, Fauzi, N. A., Mohamed Yunus, S. N., Abdul Hamid, N. A., Abd Ghafar, S. Z., Azizan, A., Zolkeflee, N. K. Z., & Abas, F. (2020). Biological Activities of Selected Plants and Detection of Bioactive Compounds from Ardisia elliptica Using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules, 25(13), 3067. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133067
Yap, V. A., Qazzaz, M. E., Raja, V. J., Bradshaw, T. D., Loh, H.-S., Sim, K.-S., Yong, K.-T., Low, Y.-Y., & Lim, K.-H. (2016). Fistulopsines A and B antiproliferative septicine-type alkaloids from Ficus fistulosa. Phytochemistry Letters, 15(March), 136–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2015.12.007
Ye, X., Tian, W., Wang, G., Zhang, X., Zhou, M., Zeng, D., Liu, X., Yao, X., Zhang, Y., & Chen, H. (2020). Phenolic Glycosides from the Roots of Ficus hirta Vahl. And Their Antineuroinflammatory Activities. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 68(14), 4196–4204. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07876
Yen, G. C., Chen, C. S., Chang, W. T., Wu, M. F., Cheng, F. T., Shiau, D. K., & Hsu, C. L. (2018). Antioxidant activity and anticancer effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the roots of Ficus beecheyana and their phenolic components. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 26(1), 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2017.02.002
Yuanxing, Q. (2018). A kind of functional tea for treating enteritis (Patent No. CN 108576325A.2018 September 28.).
Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Ma, P., Chen, J., & Xie, W. (2020). Ficus carica leaves extract inhibited pancreatic β-cell apoptosis by inhibiting AMPK/JNK/caspase-3 signaling pathway and antioxidation. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 122(November 2019), 109689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109689
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Josias Martins dos Anjos Cruz; Renilto Frota Corrêa; Carlos Victor Lamarão; Edgar Aparecido Sanches; Pedro Henrique Campelo; Jaqueline de Araújo Bezerra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
