Gestação como fator de risco para complicações por SARS-CoV-2

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i13.34961

Palavras-chave:

Gestação; Fator de risco; Complicações na gravidez; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19.

Resumo

Em março de 2020, a Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou pandemia pela COVID-19, com aproximadamente 192 milhões de infectados até julho de 2021. Gestantes são uma população de elevada vulnerabilidade para agravamento da doença, porquanto 27% delas apresentaram efeitos adversos, como interrupção da gravidez. Este estudo objetiva analisar os fatores que promovem  susceptibilidade à infecção e agravamento pelo SARS-CoV-2 nas gestantes. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura realizada de abril a novembro de 2021. Encontrou-se que, na gravidez, o sistema circulatório apresenta disfunção endotelial e ativação do sistema de coagulação, achado associado ao estado pró-trombótico gerado pelo SARS-CoV-2, favorecendo a ocorrência de patologias como acidente vascular cerebral. O aumento da progesterona na gestação estimula mudanças no sistema respiratório que diminuem a capacidade residual funcional e geram intolerância à hipóxia, permitindo maior susceptibilidade à infecção pelo vírus. Esse aumento hormonal altera o perfil imune Th1 e Th2, desequilíbrio encontrado também na COVID-19, contribuindo para a vulnerabilidade. Quanto às repercussões perinatais, ocorre propagação do vírus pela placenta, desencadeando uma resposta cruzada com o sistema imunológico materno, hipoperfusão placentária e outras complicações. Conclui-se que a soma dos fatores encontrados na gestante infectada pelo vírus torna-a mais vulnerável à forma grave da doença e a complicações fetais.

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27/09/2022

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VILLAFUERTE , L. K. M.; BLANC , S. O.; OLIVEIRA, L. de O. e; SANTOS, E. da R.; BLANC, L. O.; VASCONCELOS, J. F. Gestação como fator de risco para complicações por SARS-CoV-2. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 13, p. e44111334961, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i13.34961. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/34961. Acesso em: 30 set. 2024.

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