Relevance of obesity as an etiology of secondary hypogonadism: an integrative review

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i14.36689

Keywords:

Hypogonadism; Infertility; Obesity.

Abstract

This article aims to assess the impact of obesity as a cause of secondary hypogonadism. This is an integrative literature review, which included studies published between 2017 and 2022, through Pubmed, LILACS and Cochrane databases. The descriptors were used: “Hypogonadism”, “Infertility” and “Obesity”. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies were selected to compose this review. This research responded to the established objectives, highlighting the importance of obesity as an etiology of hypogonadism, through the analysis of data regarding the frequency of these two alterations and the pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity in the reproductive system, in order to define bases for the diagnosis and detection of complications. It is noticed that obesity alters gonadal function from hormonal changes, generation of a chronic inflammatory state, damage to genetic material, disturbance of the immune system, among others. The diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, typical of obesity, is based on the finding of low serum gonadotropin levels with inappropriately low/normal concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). In women, the main complications are related to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). These alterations are associated with Infertility, Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular alterations.

References

Barbagallo, F., Condorelli, R. A., Mongioì, L. M., Cannarella, R., Cimino, L., Magagnini, M. C., Crafa, A., La Vignera, S., & Calogero, A. E. (2021). Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Relationship between Obesity and Male Infertility. Metabolites, 11(12), 840. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11120840

Braga, P. C., Pereira, S. C., Ribeiro, J. C., Sousa, M., Monteiro, M. P., Oliveira, P. F., & Alves, M. G. (2020). Late-onset hypogonadism and lifestyle-related metabolic disorders. Andrology, 8(6), 1530–1538. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12765

Carrageta, D. F., Oliveira, P. F., Alves, M. G., & Monteiro, M. P. (2019). Obesity and male hypogonadism: Tales of a vicious cycle. Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 20(8), 1148–1158. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12863

Cazzaniga, W., Candela, L., Boeri, L., Capogrosso, P., Pozzi, E., Belladelli, F., Baudo, A., Ventimiglia, E., Alfano, M., Abbate, C., Montorsi, F., & Salonia, A. (2020). The impact of metabolically healthy obesity in primary infertile men: Results from a cross-sectional study. Andrology, 8(6), 1762–1769. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12861

Di Vincenzo, A., Busetto, L., Vettor, R., & Rossato, M. (2018). Obesity, Male Reproductive Function and Bariatric Surgery. Frontiers in endocrinology, 9, 769. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00769

Durairajanayagam D. (2018). Lifestyle causes of male infertility. Arab journal of urology, 16(1), 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aju.2017.12.004.

Genchi, V. A., Rossi, E., Lauriola, C., D’Oria, R., Palma, G., Borrelli, A., Caccioppoli, C., Giorgino, F., & Cignarelli, A. (2022). Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Obesity-Related Male Hypogonadism. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(15), 8194. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158194.

Handelsman, D. J. (2000). Androgen Physiology, Pharmacology, Use and Misuse (K. R. Feingold, B. Anawalt, A. Boyce, G. Chrousos, W. W. de Herder, K. Dhatariya, K. Dungan, J. M. Hershman, J. Hofland, S. Kalra, G. Kaltsas, C. Koch, P. Kopp, M. Korbonits, C. S. Kovacs, W. Kuohung, B. Laferrère, M. Levy, E. A. McGee, & R. McLachlan, Eds.). PubMed; MDText.com, Inc. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25905231/

Inih, O. S., Esther, Y. E., Adetola, F. O., Chinedu, A. A., Brenda, N. C., & Efedaye, O. A. (2018). Testicular Dysfunction is a Common Feature in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. Current diabetes reviews, 14(3), 298–306. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399813666170425152046

Kahn, B. E., & Brannigan, R. E. (2017). Obesity and male infertility. Current opinion in urology, 27(5), 441–445. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOU.0000000000000417.

Karakas, S. E., & Surampudi, P. (2018). New Biomarkers to Evaluate Hyperandrogenemic Women and Hypogonadal Men. Advances in Clinical Chemistry, 71–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.acc.2018.06.001

Kasman, A. M., Del Giudice, F., & Eisenberg, M. L. (2020). New insights to guide patient care: the bidirectional relationship between male infertility and male health. Fertility and Sterility, 113(3), 469–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.01.002

Leisegang, K., Henkel, R., & Agarwal, A. (2019). Obesity and metabolic syndrome associated with systemic inflammation and the impact on the male reproductive system. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 82(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13178.

Liu, Y., & Ding, Z. (2017). Obesity, a serious etiologic factor for male subfertility in modern society. Reproduction, 154(4), R123–R131. https://doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0161

Mintziori, G., Nigdelis, M. P., Mathew, H., Mousiolis, A., Goulis, D. G., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2020). The effect of excess body fat on female and male reproduction. Metabolism, 107, 154193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154193

Samavat, J., Cantini, G., Lotti, F., Di Franco, A., Tamburrino, L., Degl'Innocenti, S., Maseroli, E., Filimberti, E., Facchiano, E., Lucchese, M., Muratori, M., Forti, G., Baldi, E., Maggi, M., & Luconi, M. (2018). Massive Weight Loss Obtained by Bariatric Surgery Affects Semen Quality in Morbid Male Obesity: a Preliminary Prospective Double-Armed Study. Obesity surgery, 28(1), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-017-2802-7.

Sultan, S., Patel, A. G., El-Hassani, S., Whitelaw, B., Leca, B. M., Vincent, R. P., le Roux, C. W., Rubino, F., Aywlin, S. J. B., & Dimitriadis, G. K. (2020). Male Obesity Associated Gonadal Dysfunction and the Role of Bariatric Surgery. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00408

Toronto, C.E., & Remington, R. (Eds.). (2020).A step-by-step guide to conducting an integrative review. Cham, Swizterland: Springer International Publishing

Vigil, P., Meléndez, J., Soto, H., Petkovic, G., Bernal, Y. A., & Molina, S. (2022). Chronic Stress and Ovulatory Dysfunction: Implications in Times of COVID-19. Frontiers in Global Women’s Health, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2022.866104

Winters, S. J. (2000). Laboratory Assessment of Testicular Function (K. R. Feingold, B. Anawalt, A. Boyce, G. Chrousos, W. W. de Herder, K. Dhatariya, K. Dungan, J. M. Hershman, J. Hofland, S. Kalra, G. Kaltsas, C. Koch, P. Kopp, M. Korbonits, C. S. Kovacs, W. Kuohung, B. Laferrère, M. Levy, E. A. McGee, & R. McLachlan, Eds.). PubMed; MDText.com, Inc. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25905368/.

Ylli, D., Sidhu, S., Parikh, T., & Burman, K. D. (2022). Endocrine Changes in Obesity. In K. R. Feingold (Eds.) et. al., Endotext. MDText.com, Inc.

Downloads

Published

02/11/2022

How to Cite

OLIVEIRA, V. H. M. de .; DUARTE, A. B. A.; LIMA FILHO, D. A. P. .; OLIVEIRA, F. T. de .; CASTRO, G. R. S. de; VASCONCELOS, G. B.; SANTOS , L. H. O.; DANTAS, M. E. P.; OLIVEIRA , P. F. de .; ALMEIDA , R. C. Relevance of obesity as an etiology of secondary hypogonadism: an integrative review . Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 14, p. e456111436689, 2022. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v11i14.36689. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/36689. Acesso em: 18 apr. 2024.

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 14

Section

Health Sciences

License

Copyright (c) 2022 Victória Hora Mendonça de Oliveira; Ana Beatriz Araújo Duarte; Duilio Alencar Prado Lima Filho; Francielle Temer de Oliveira; Gabriel Ribeiro Sciuli de Castro; Guilherme Barreto Vasconcelos; Lucas Henrique Oliveira Santos ; Maria Eduarda Pereira Dantas; Paulo Franco de Oliveira ; Renata Carvalho Almeida

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.