Geopolímeros e sua potencial aplicação na imobilização de metais pesados: Uma década de revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i9.43233Palavras-chave:
Revisão bibliométrica; Processos geopoliméricos; Resíduo da mineração; Álcali-ativação; Metais tóxicos.Resumo
A redução da pegada de carbono dos materiais de construção civil pode ser explorada por meio da reciclagem de subprodutos da mineração em diferentes aplicações, o que preservará os recursos naturais e diminuirá os problemas ambientais. A revisão bibliometrica tem como objetivo resumir os principais estudos sobre geopolímeros, utilizando a geopolimerização como forma de imobilização/solidificação e adsorção de metais pesados contidos nesses resíduos. Na intenção de viabilidade técnica, foi feito a revisão bibliométrica da literatura publicada entre 2011 e 2020 para analisar criticamente a química estrutural, síntese e aplicações ambientais de geopolímeros e discutir exaustivamente os resultados experimentais. O objetivo também é avaliar criticamente os diferentes modelos de isotérmica e cinética para ilustrar os mecanismos para as estratégias eficazes de gestão de resíduos de diferentes ligantes de geopolímero por processo de aprisionamento de metal termodinâmico espontâneo, endotérmico e entropia conduzido. Ressaltando que o processo de imobilização/solidificação e adsorção de metais pesados, são processos completamente diferente. É apresentado 86 estudos de precursores utilizados para a produção de cimento geopolimérico, como o metacaulim, escoria de alto forno, cinzas volantes e resíduo da mineração, incluindo caulim, alumínio, ferro e manganês. O refinamento desses artigos ocorreu através da plataforma Scopus, VOSviewer e Mendeley. Para chegar nos assuntos que precisam de mais investigações, então, foi determinado que o assunto sobre “imobilização” precisa de mais atenção. Os estudos existentes revelaram as excelentes propriedades mecânicas e durabilidade dos concretos, argamassas e pastas geopoliméricas e previram sua ampla perspectiva de aplicação no campo da retenção de metais pesados.
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