Aplicação de curativos de celulose bacteriana na cicatrização de feridas crônicas e complexas: Tendências e perspectivas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i2.44920Palavras-chave:
Celulose bacteriana; Cicatrização cutânea; Curativos; Úlceras crônicas e complexas; Engenharia de tecidos.Resumo
Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura dos mais recentes estudos e avanços tecnológicos relacionados às aplicações biomédicas de curativos compostos por biopolímero de celulose bacteriana (CB) na cicatrização de feridas crônicas e complexas. A CB pode ser produzida em larga escala através de processo de fermentação por bactérias específicas. As fibrilas de celulose formam uma rede altamente porosa, semelhante à estrutura da matriz extracelular de tecidos, além de possuírem características físico-químicas favoráveis para aplicações como curativos. Recentes estudos têm demonstrado a importância e o interesse na incorporação de ativos farmacêuticos tanto de origem sintética quanto natural, com objetivo de conferir propriedades farmacológicas específicas à estrutura destas matrizes poliméricas. A versatilidade físico-química da CB permite que este material seja funcionalizado e modificado através de diversas técnicas, ex situ e in situ, para obter novos materiais híbridos e com propriedades funcionais para diferentes aplicações biomédicas. Dentre os ativos farmacêuticos incorporados em matriz de CB para aplicação em feridas crônicas e complexas, destacam-se os ativos antissépticos e antimicrobianos; os antiinflamatórios de fontes naturais, bem como os fatores de crescimento. Outra estratégia que tem se demonstrado promissora é a aplicação de células-tronco mesenquimais e componentes de seu secretoma na matriz polimérica da CB. Sendo assim, esta revisão traz luz aos últimos avanços tecnológicos referentes às diferentes formas de funcionalização de curativos baseados em CB voltados ao tratamento de feridas crônicas e complexas.
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