Intervenções comportamentais com foco em análise de comportamento aplicada em pacientes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista: Uma revisão de literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v13i7.46108Palavras-chave:
Transtorno do Espectro Autista; Transtorno autístico; Terapia cognitivo-comportamental.Resumo
Introdução: O transtorno do espectro autista é uma condição cada vez mais prevalente, acometendo cerca de 16% da população infantil. Apresenta sintomas que interferem na aquisição, retenção e aplicação de habilidades especificas. O presente estudo tem como objetivo revisar bibliograficamente o uso de intervenções comportamentais nos pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista. Métodos: Este artigo consiste em uma revisão literária, com busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e UpToDate. Foram utilizados descritores relacionados a intervenções comportamentais em pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista com foco na Análise de Comportamento Aplicada. Publicações que contemplassem os critérios de inclusão e exclusão foram selecionadas. Totalizando 61 artigos todos discutidos no texto. Discussão: Por mais que os programas de tratamento para portadores de transtorno do espectro autista variem, eles apresentam objetivos semelhantes, com base na melhora da qualidade de vida do paciente. São apresentados diversos tipos de intervenções comportamentais, no entanto, em todos os casos, recomenda-se que os programas educacionais iniciem assim que seja elencada a suspeita de autismo e o tratamento deve incluir uma carga horária mínima de 25 horas semanais. A Análise de Comportamento Aplicada representa uma modalidade de tratamento com evidências de eficácia em terapias comportamentais intensivas, apresentando melhorias no funcionamento intelectual e no comportamento adaptativo de pacientes com autismo. Conclusão: A terapêutica para pacientes com transtorno do espectro autista deve ser individualizada pois cada indivíduo apresenta diferentes sintomas. O uso da Análise de Comportamento Aplicada tem apresentado resultados significativos positivos. Acredita-se que uma combinação de intervenções seja necessária para melhores resultados.
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