Retocolite ulcerativa e citocinas: uma revisão da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.7145Palavras-chave:
Doença inflamatória instestinal; Retocolite ulcerativa; Citocinas.Resumo
As Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais (DIIs) afetam geralmente indivíduos jovens, tem incidência global e representam importante problema de saúde pública na atualidade. A retocolite ulcerativa é a doença inflamatória intestinal mais comum, caracterizada pela inflamação crônica e difusa da mucosa intestinal, frequentemente limitada ao cólon, apresentando como principais sintomas, dor abdominal e diarreia mucosanguinolenta, compromentendo substancialmente a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos por ela acometidos. Possui etiologia ainda não totalmente esclarecida, entretanto foi estabelecido que um gatilho ainda desconhecido desencadeie, em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos, resposta imune aberrante que culmina com processos inflamatórios. Os elementos fisiopatológicos primordiais que dirigem o início, evolução e, em última instância, a resolução das DIIs são as respostas das citocinas que as caracterizam. O primeiro nível de respostas de citocinas é regido pelos padrões de diferenciação de células T característicos em cada doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura para reunir evidências sobre o perfil de citocinas caracteristicas da retocolite ulcerativa. O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma revisão de literatura, com o levantamento de evidências científicas nas bases de dados Pub Med, Science Direct e Scopus. A retocolite ulcerativa classicamente apresentava-se como uma doença inflamatória mediada por células Th2, que tem como citocinas características a IL 4, IL 5, IL 13, IL 21 e IL 25, entretanto evidências recentes reconheceram a existência de significativa acomodação entre ativação de células Th2 e Th1(IFN γ, IL 2 e TNF α) e ainda a participação auxiliar de células Th9, Th17 e Th22 e células T reguladoras.
Referências
Ahluwalia, B., Moraes, L., Magnusson, M. K., & Öhman, L. (2018). Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and mechanisms of biological therapies. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 53(4), 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2018.1447597
Akram, W., Garud, N., & Joshi, R. (2019). Role of inulin as prebiotics on inflammatory bowel disease. Drug discoveries & therapeutics, 13(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2019.01000
Alexander, W. S., & Hilton, D. J. (2004). The role of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in regulation of the immune response. Annual review of immunology, 22, 503–529. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.091003.090312
Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Khalili, H., Konijeti, G. G., Higuchi, L. M., de Silva, P., Fuchs, C. S., Willett, W. C., Richter, J. M., & Chan, A. T. (2014). Long-term intake of dietary fat and risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gut, 63(5), 776–784. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305304
Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Khalili, H., Song, M., Higuchi, L. M., Richter, J. M., & Chan, A. T. (2015). Zinc intake and risk of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: a prospective cohort study. International journal of epidemiology, 44(6), 1995–2005. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv301
Atreya, R., & Neurath, M. F. (2005). Involvement of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 28(3), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1385/CRIAI:28:3:187
Baumgart, D. C., & Sandborn, W. J. (2007). Inflammatory bowel disease: clinical aspects and established and evolving therapies. Lancet (London, England), 369(9573), 1641–1657. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60751-X
Becker, C., Fantini, M. C., Schramm, C., Lehr, H. A., Wirtz, S., Nikolaev, A., Burg, J., Strand, S., Kiesslich, R., Huber, S., Ito, H., Nishimoto, N., Yoshizaki, K., Kishimoto, T., Galle, P. R., Blessing, M., Rose-John, S., & Neurath, M. F. (2004). TGF-beta suppresses tumor progression in colon cancer by inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling. Immunity, 21(4), 491–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2004.07.020
Bernardo, David. (2013). Human intestinal dendritic cells as controllers of mucosal immunity. Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas, 105(5), 279-290. https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1130-01082013000500006
Bernstein, C. N., & Forbes, J. D. (2017). Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Other Chronic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Inflammatory intestinal diseases, 2(2), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.1159/000481401
Bernstein, C. N., Fried, M., Krabshuis, J. H., Cohen, H., Eliakim, R., Fedail, S., Gearry, R., Goh, K. L., Hamid, S., Khan, A. G., LeMair, A. W., Malfertheiner, Ouyang, Q., Rey, J. F., Sood, A., Steinwurz, F., Thomsen, O. O., Thomson, A., & Watermeyer, G. (2010). World Gastroenterology Organization Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of IBD in 2010. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 16(1), 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.21048
Biancheri, P., Di Sabatino,A., Corazza, G.R. & MacDonald , T.T.(2013) Proteases and the intestinal barrier. Cell Tissue Res. 351:. 269-280.
Boyman, O., & Sprent, J. (2012). The role of interleukin-2 during homeostasis and activation of the immune system. Nature reviews. Immunology, 12(3), 180–190. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3156
Brenchley, J. M., & Douek, D. C. (2012). Microbial translocation across the GI tract. Annual review of immunology, 30, 149–173. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-020711-075001
Brombacher, F. (2000). The role of interleukin-13 in infectious diseases and allergy. BioEssays, 22(7), 646–656. doi:10.1002/1521-1878(200007)22:7<646::aid-bies7>3.0.co;2-9
Bull, M. J., & Plummer, N. T. (2014). Part 1: The Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease. Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.), 13(6), 17–22.
Burisch, J., & Munkholm, P. (2015). The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology, 50(8), 942–951. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2015.1014407
Calabrese, E., Yanai, H., Shuster, D., Rubin, D. T., & Hanauer, S. B. (2012). Low-dose smoking resumption in ex-smokers with refractory ulcerative colitis. Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 6(7), 756–762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crohns.2011.12.010
Cavalcante, R.M.S., Lima, M.M., Parente, J.M.L. & Nogueira, N.N. (2019). O aumento das doenças inflamatórias in testinais no brasil: uma breve reflexão . Revista Nutrição em Pauta, 27(158): 5-10.
Castellanos, J. G., & Longman, R. S. (2019). The balance of power: innate lymphoid cells in tissue inflammation and repair. The Journal of clinical investigation, 129(7), 2640–2650. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI124617
Caza, T., & Landas, S. (2015). Functional and Phenotypic Plasticity of CD4(+) T Cell Subsets. BioMed research international, 2015, 521957. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/521957
Chassaing, B., & Gewirtz, A. T. (2014). Pathobiont hypnotises enterocytes to promote tumour development. Gut, 63(12), 1837–1838. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306890
Chua, H. H., Chou, H. C., Tung, Y. L., Chiang, B. L., Liao, C. C., Liu, H. H., & Ni, Y. H. (2018). Intestinal Dysbiosis Featuring Abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus Associates With Allergic Diseases in Infants. Gastroenterology, 154(1), 154–167. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.09.006
Cleynen, I., & Vermeire, S. (2015). The genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease: past, present and future. Current opinion in gastroenterology, 31(6), 456–463. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000215
Cosnes J. (2016). Smoking and Diet: Impact on Disease Course?. Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 34(1-2), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.1159/000442930
Danese, S., & Fiocchi, C. (2011). Ulcerative colitis. The New England journal of medicine, 365(18), 1713–1725. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1102942
David, L. A., Maurice, C. F., Carmody, R. N., Gootenberg, D. B., Button, J. E., Wolfe, B. E., Ling, A. V., Devlin, A. S., Varma, Y., Fischbach, M. A., Biddinger, S. B., Dutton, R. J., & Turnbaugh, P. J. (2014). Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature, 505(7484), 559–563. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12820
Davies, L. C., Jenkins, S. J., Allen, J. E., & Taylor, P. R. (2013). Tissue-resident macrophages. Nature immunology, 14(10), 986–995. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2705
DeGruttola, A. K., Low, D., Mizoguchi, A., & Mizoguchi, E. (2016). Current Understanding of Dysbiosis in Disease in Human and Animal Models. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 22(5), 1137–1150. https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000750
Diehl, G. E., Longman, R. S., Zhang, J. X., Breart, B., Galan, C., Cuesta, A., Schwab, S. R., & Littman, D. R. (2013). Microbiota restricts trafficking of bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes by CX(3)CR1(hi) cells. Nature, 494(7435), 116–120. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11809
Donath, M. Y., & Shoelson, S. E. (2011). Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nature reviews. Immunology, 11(2), 98–107. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2925
Dudakov, J. A., Hanash, A. M., & van den Brink, M. R. (2015). Interleukin-22: immunobiology and pathology. Annual review of immunology, 33, 747–785. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-032414-112123
Eckburg, P. B., Bik, E. M., Bernstein, C. N., Purdom, E., Dethlefsen, L., Sargent, M., Gill, S. R., Nelson, K. E., & Relman, D. A. (2005). Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora. Science (New York, N.Y.), 308(5728), 1635–1638. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1110591
Forbes, A., Escher, J., Hébuterne, X., Kłęk, S., Krznaric, Z., Schneider, S., Shamir, R., Stardelova, K., Wierdsma, N., Wiskin, A. E., & Bischoff, S. C. (2017). ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 36(2), 321–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.12.027
Francesconi, W. Sánchez-Alavez, M., Berton, F., Alboni, S., Benatti,C., Mori, S., Nguyen,W., Zorrilla, E., Moroncini, G., Tascedda, F. & Conti, B. (2016) The Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 18 Regulates Feeding by Acting on the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Journal of Neuroscience . 36 (18): 5170-5180.
Fumery, M., Singh, S., Dulai, P. S., Gower-Rousseau, C., Peyrin-Biroulet, L., & Sandborn, W. J. (2018). Natural History of Adult Ulcerative Colitis in Population-based Cohorts: A Systematic Review. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 16(3), 343–356.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2017.06.016
Fuss, I. J., Heller, F., Boirivant, M., Leon, F., Yoshida, M., Fichtner-Feigl, S., Yang, Z., Exley, M., Kitani, A., Blumberg, R. S., Mannon, P., & Strober, W. (2004). Nonclassical CD1d-restricted NK T cells that produce IL-13 characterize an atypical Th2 response in ulcerative colitis. The Journal of clinical investigation, 113(10), 1490–1497. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI19836
Gasparini, R. G., Sassaki, L. Y., & Saad-Hossne, R. (2018). Inflammatory bowel disease epidemiology in São Paulo State, Brazil. Clinical and experimental gastroenterology, 11, 423–429. https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S176583
Geremia, A., Biancheri, P., Allan, P., Corazza, G. R., & Di Sabatino, A. (2014). Innate and adaptive immunity in inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmunity reviews, 13(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2013.06.004
Glocker, E. O., Kotlarz, D., Boztug, K., Gertz, E. M., Schäffer, A. A., Noyan, F., Perro, M., Diestelhorst, J., Allroth, A., Murugan, D., Hätscher, N., Pfeifer, D., Sykora, K. W., Sauer, M., Kreipe, H., Lacher, M., Nustede, R., Woellner, C., Baumann, U., Salzer, U., … Klein, C. (2009). Inflammatory bowel disease and mutations affecting the interleukin-10 receptor. The New England journal of medicine, 361(21), 2033–2045. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0907206
Gradel, K. O., Nielsen, H. L., Schønheyder, H. C., Ejlertsen, T., Kristensen, B., & Nielsen, H. (2009). Increased short- and long-term risk of inflammatory bowel disease after salmonella or campylobacter gastroenteritis. Gastroenterology, 137(2), 495–501. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2009.04.001
Greuter, T., & Vavricka, S. R. (2019). Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease - epidemiology, genetics, and pathogenesis. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology, 13(4), 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2019.1574569
Guo, L., Hu-Li, J., & Paul, W. E. (2005). Probabilistic regulation of IL-4 production. Journal of clinical immunology, 25(6), 573–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-005-8218-5
Harley, I. T., & Karp, C. L. (2012). Obesity and the gut microbiome: Striving for causality. Molecular metabolism, 1(1-2), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2012.07.002
Harmsen, H. J., & de Goffau, M. C. (2016). The Human Gut Microbiota. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 902, 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31248-4_7
Hart, A. L., Al-Hassi, H. O., Rigby, R. J., Bell, S. J., Emmanuel, A. V., Knight, S. C., Kamm, M. A., & Stagg, A. J. (2005). Characteristics of intestinal dendritic cells in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology, 129(1), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2005.05.013
Heller, F., Florian, P., Bojarski, C., Richter, J., Christ, M., Hillenbrand, B., Mankertz, J., Gitter, A. H., Bürgel, N., Fromm, M., Zeitz, M., Fuss, I., Strober, W., & Schulzke, J. D. (2005). Interleukin-13 is the key effector Th2 cytokine in ulcerative colitis that affects epithelial tight junctions, apoptosis, and cell restitution. Gastroenterology, 129(2), 550–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gastro.2005.05.002
Heller, F., Fromm, A., Gitter, A. H., Mankertz, J., & Schulzke, J. D. (2008). Epithelial apoptosis is a prominent feature of the epithelial barrier disturbance in intestinal inflammation: effect of pro-inflammatory interleukin-13 on epithelial cell function. Mucosal immunology, 1 Suppl 1, S58–S61. https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2008.46
Hershey G. K. (2003). IL-13 receptors and signaling pathways: an evolving web. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 111(4), 677–691. https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2003.1333
Hevia, A., Delgado, S., Sánchez, B., & Margolles, A. (2015). Molecular Players Involved in the Interaction Between Beneficial Bacteria and the Immune System. Frontiers in microbiology, 6, 1285. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01285
Hou, J. K., Abraham, B., & El-Serag, H. (2011). Dietary intake and risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of the literature. The American journal of gastroenterology, 106(4), 563–573. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2011.44
Iannitti, T., & Palmieri, B. (2010). Therapeutical use of probiotic formulations in clinical practice. Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 29(6), 701–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2010.05.004
Kakar, S.Cytokines evolution: Role in various diseases,Current Medicine Research and Practice, (2015).5( 4):176-182,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmrp.2015.07.002
Khor, B., Gardet, A., & Xavier, R. J. (2011). Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature, 474(7351), 307–317. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10209.
Kimura, A., & Kishimoto, T. (2010). IL-6: regulator of Treg/Th17 balance. European journal of immunology, 40(7), 1830–1835. https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201040391
Kmieć, Z., Cyman, M., & Ślebioda, T. J. (2017). Cells of the innate and adaptive immunity and their interactions in inflammatory bowel disease. Advances in medical sciences, 62(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advms.2016.09.001
Knight-Sepulveda, K., Kais, S., Santaolalla, R., & Abreu, M. T. (2015). Diet and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 11(8), 511–520.
Kostic, A. D., Xavier, R. J., & Gevers, D. (2014). The microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: current status and the future ahead. Gastroenterology, 146(6), 1489–1499. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.02.009
Kronman, M. P., Zaoutis, T. E., Haynes, K., Feng, R., & Coffin, S. E. (2012). Antibiotic exposure and IBD development among children: a population-based cohort study. Pediatrics, 130(4), e794–e803. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3886
Kuhn, K. A., Schulz, H. M., Regner, E. H., Severs, E. L., Hendrickson, J. D., Mehta, G., Whitney, A. K., Ir, D., Ohri, N., Robertson, C. E., Frank, D. N., Campbell, E. L., & Colgan, S. P. (2018). Bacteroidales recruit IL-6-producing intraepithelial lymphocytes in the colon to promote barrier integrity. Mucosal immunology, 11(2), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2017.55
Lee, T. C., Huang, Y. C., Lu, Y. Z., Yeh, Y. C., & Yu, L. C. (2018). Hypoxia-induced intestinal barrier changes in balloon-assisted enteroscopy. The Journal of physiology, 596(15), 3411–3424. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP275277
Lepage, P., Leclerc, M. C., Joossens, M., Mondot, S., Blottière, H. M., Raes, J., Ehrlich, D., & Doré, J. (2013). A metagenomic insight into our gut's microbiome. Gut, 62(1), 146–158. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301805
Leppkes M, Ganslmayer M, Strauss R, Neurath MF (2015) Toxic megacolon. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 110(7):500–505
Lima Martins, A., Volpato, R. A., & Zago-Gomes, M. (2018). The prevalence and phenotype in Brazilian patients with inflammatory bowel disease. BMC gastroenterology, 18(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-018-0822-y
Lin, L., & Zhang, J. (2017). Role of intestinal microbiota and metabolites on gut homeostasis and human diseases. BMC immunology, 18(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-016-0187-3
Lindemans, C. A., Calafiore, M., Mertelsmann, A. M., O'Connor, M. H., Dudakov, J. A., Jenq, R. R., Velardi, E., Young, L. F., Smith, O. M., Lawrence, G., Ivanov, J. A., Fu, Y. Y., Takashima, S., Hua, G., Martin, M. L., O'Rourke, K. P., Lo, Y. H., Mokry, M., Romera-Hernandez, M., Cupedo, T., … Hanash, A. M. (2015). Interleukin-22 promotes intestinal-stem-cell-mediated epithelial regeneration. Nature, 528(7583), 560–564. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16460
Loftus, E.V.(2014) Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease In: GI Epidemiology: Diseases and Clinical Methodology: 2th Ed. Wiley Blackwell.p.273-284.
Lu, C., Zhao, X., Lai, M.A., Lopez-Yglesias, A.H., Quarles, E.K., Lo, C. & Smith, K.D. (2016) Commensal E. coli induced colonization resistance against mucosal Salmonella infection. Am Assoc Immnol. 196(Supp.1):.66–71.
Lunney, P. C., Kariyawasam, V. C., Wang, R. R., Middleton, K. L., Huang, T., Selinger, C. P., Andrews, J. M., Katelaris, P. H., & Leong, R. W. (2015). Smoking prevalence and its influence on disease course and surgery in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 42(1), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13239
Lynch, S. V., & Pedersen, O. (2016). The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease. The New England journal of medicine, 375(24), 2369–2379. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1600266
Ma, A., Koka, R., & Burkett, P. (2006). Diverse functions of IL-2, IL-15, and IL-7 in lymphoid homeostasis. Annual review of immunology, 24, 657–679. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090727
Mai, V., & Draganov, P. V. (2009). Recent advances and remaining gaps in our knowledge of associations between gut microbiota and human health. World journal of gastroenterology, 15(1), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.15.81
McGovern, D. P., Kugathasan, S., & Cho, J. H. (2015). Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology, 149(5), 1163–1176.e2. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2015.08.001
McIlroy, J., Ianiro, G., Mukhopadhya, I., Hansen, R., & Hold, G. L. (2018). Review article: the gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease-avenues for microbial management. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 47(1), 26–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14384
Miyoshi, J. & Chang, E.B.(2017). The gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel diseases. Transl Res. 179:38–48.
Moller, F. T., Andersen, V., Wohlfahrt, J., & Jess, T. (2015). Familial risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based cohort study 1977-2011. The American journal of gastroenterology, 110(4), 564–571. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2015.50
Monteleone, G., Caruso, R.; Pallone, F. (2013). Targets for new immunomodulation strategies in inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmunity reviews. Autoimmun. 13: 11–1413.
Murray, P. J., Allen, J. E., Biswas, S. K., Fisher, E. A., Gilroy, D. W., Goerdt, S., Gordon, S., Hamilton, J. A., Ivashkiv, L. B., Lawrence, T., Locati, M., Mantovani, A., Martinez, F. O., Mege, J. L., Mosser, D. M., Natoli, G., Saeij, J. P., Schultze, J. L., Shirey, K. A., Sica, A., … Wynn, T. A. (2014). Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines. Immunity, 41(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.008
Murphy, K., Weaver, C. Janeway’s immunobiology. 9th ed. Garland Science; 2017.
Neufert, C., Becker, C., Türeci, Ö., Waldner, M. J., Backert, I., Floh, K., Atreya, I., Leppkes, M., Jefremow, A., Vieth, M., Schneider-Stock, R., Klinger, P., Greten, F. R., Threadgill, D. W., Sahin, U., & Neurath, M. F. (2013). Tumor fibroblast-derived epiregulin promotes growth of colitis-associated neoplasms through ERK. The Journal of clinical investigation, 123(4), 1428–1443. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI63748
Neurath, M. F., & Finotto, S. (2011). IL-6 signaling in autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and inflammation-associated cancer. Cytokine & growth factor reviews, 22(2), 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.02.003
Neurath M. F. (2014). Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease. Nature reviews. Immunology, 14(5), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3661
Ni, J., Wu, G. D., Albenberg, L., & Tomov, V. T. (2017). Gut microbiota and IBD: causation or correlation?. Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 14(10), 573–584. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.88
Niess, J. H., Brand, S., Gu, X., Landsman, L., Jung, S., McCormick, B. A., Vyas, J. M., Boes, M., Ploegh, H. L., Fox, J. G., Littman, D. R., & Reinecker, H. C. (2005). CX3CR1-mediated dendritic cell access to the intestinal lumen and bacterial clearance. Science (New York, N.Y.), 307(5707), 254–258. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1102901
Ng, S. C., Bernstein, C. N., Vatn, M. H., Lakatos, P. L., Loftus, E. V., Jr, Tysk, C., O'Morain, C., Moum, B., Colombel, J. F., & Epidemiology and Natural History Task Force of the International Organization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IOIBD) (2013). Geographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut, 62(4), 630–649. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303661
Ng, S.C., Shi, H.Y., HAMIDI, N.; UNDERWOOD, F.E.; TANG ,W.; BENCHIMOL, E.I.; PANACCIONE, R.; GHOSH,S.; WU, J.C.Y.; CHAN, F.K.L.; SUNG, J.J.Y.; KAPLAN,G.G.; Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21stcentury: a systematic review of population-based studies, Lancet v 390, nº 10114 p 2769–2778, 2018.
O'Keeffe, M., Mok, W. H., & Radford, K. J. (2015). Human dendritic cell subsets and function in health and disease. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 72(22), 4309–4325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2005-0
Oliveira, F. M., Emerick, A. P. C. & Soares, E. G.(2010) Aspectos epidemiológicos das doenças intestinais inflamatórias na macrorregião de saúde leste do Estado de Minas Gerais. Cien. Saude Colet. 15(1):1031-1037.
Ordás, I., Eckmann, L., Talamini, M., Baumgart, D. C., & Sandborn, W. J. (2012). Ulcerative colitis. Lancet (London, England), 380(9853), 1606–1619. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60150-0
Parente, J. M., Coy, C. S., Campelo, V., Parente, M. P., Costa, L. A., da Silva, R. M., Stephan, C., & Zeitune, J. M. (2015). Inflammatory bowel disease in an underdeveloped region of Northeastern Brazil. World journal of gastroenterology, 21(4), 1197–1206. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1197
Peterson, L. W., & Artis, D. (2014). Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis. Nature reviews. Immunology, 14(3), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3608
Peyrin-Biroulet L, Sandborn W, Sands BE, et al. Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (STRIDE): Determining Therapeutic Goals for Treat-to-Target. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(9):1324-1338. doi:10.1038/ajg.2015.233
Prorok-Hamon, M., Friswell, M. K., Alswied, A., Roberts, C. L., Song, F., Flanagan, P. K., Knight, P., Codling, C., Marchesi, J. R., Winstanley, C., Hall, N., Rhodes, J. M., & Campbell, B. J. (2014). Colonic mucosa-associated diffusely adherent afaC+ Escherichia coli expressing lpfA and pks are increased in inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. Gut, 63(5), 761–770. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304739
Quigley, E.M. (2011). Gut microbiota and the role of probiotics in therapy. Current opinion in pharmacology. 11(6): 593-603. 10.1016/j.coph.2011.09.010.
Raphael, I., Nalawade, S., Eagar, T. N., & Forsthuber, T. G. (2015). T cell subsets and their signature cytokines in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Cytokine, 74(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2014.09.011
Reuter, B. K., & Pizarro, T. T. (2009). Mechanisms of tight junction dysregulation in the SAMP1/YitFc model of Crohn's disease-like ileitis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1165, 301–307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04035.x
Sato, T. A., Widmer, M. B., Finkelman, F. D., Madani, H., Jacobs, C. A., Grabstein, K. H., & Maliszewski, C. R. (1993). Recombinant soluble murine IL-4 receptor can inhibit or enhance IgE responses in vivo. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 150(7), 2717–2723.
Satoh-Takayama, N., Serafini, N., Verrier, T., Rekiki, A., Renauld, J. C., Frankel, G., & Di Santo, J. P. (2014). The chemokine receptor CXCR6 controls the functional topography of interleukin-22 producing intestinal innate lymphoid cells. Immunity, 41(5), 776–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014.10.007
Schmitt, E., Klein, M., & Bopp, T. (2014). Th9 cells, new players in adaptive immunity. Trends in immunology, 35(2), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2013.10.004
Schmitt, N., & Ueno, H. (2015). Regulation of human helper T cell subset differentiation by cytokines. Current opinion in immunology, 34, 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2015.03.007
Sender, R., Fuchs, S., & Milo, R. (2016). Are We Really Vastly Outnumbered? Revisiting the Ratio of Bacterial to Host Cells in Humans. Cell, 164(3), 337–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.013
Shaw, S. Y., Blanchard, J. F., & Bernstein, C. N. (2010). Association between the use of antibiotics in the first year of life and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. The American journal of gastroenterology, 105(12), 2687–2692. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2010.398
Shreiner, A. B., Kao, J. Y., & Young, V. B. (2015). The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Current opinion in gastroenterology, 31(1), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0000000000000139
Singh, R. P., Hasan, S., Sharma, S., Nagra, S., Yamaguchi, D. T., Wong, D. T., Hahn, B. H., & Hossain, A. (2014). Th17 cells in inflammation and autoimmunity. Autoimmunity reviews, 13(12), 1174–1181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.019
Sobieszczańska, B. A., Duda-Madej, A. B., Turniak, M. B., Franiczek, R., Kasprzykowska, U., Duda, A. K., Rzeszutko, M., & Iwańczak, B. (2012). Invasive properties, adhesion patterns and phylogroup profiles among Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with inflammatory bowel disease. Advances in clinical and experimental medicine : official organ Wroclaw Medical University, 21(5), 591–599.
Sonnenberg, G. F., & Artis, D. (2019). Novel connections and precision approaches. Nature reviews. Immunology, 19(2), 75–76. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-018-0114-3
Souza, José Roberto Matos, Oliveira, Romulo Tadeu, Blotta, Maria Heloisa S. L., & Coelho, Otávio Rizzi. (2008). Serum levels of interleukin-6 (Il-6), interleukin-18 (Il-18) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with type-2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 90(2), 94-99. https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0066-782X2008000200004
Stappenbeck, T. S., Rioux, J. D., Mizoguchi, A., Saitoh, T., Huett, A., Darfeuille-Michaud, A., Wileman, T., Mizushima, N., Carding, S., Akira, S., Parkes, M., & Xavier, R. J. (2011). Crohn disease: a current perspective on genetics, autophagy and immunity. Autophagy, 7(4), 355–374. https://doi.org/10.4161/auto.7.2.13074
Strober, W., & Fuss, I. J. (2011). Proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology, 140(6), 1756–1767. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2011.02.016
Ueno, H., Banchereau, J., & Vinuesa, C. G. (2015). Pathophysiology of T follicular helper cells in humans and mice. Nature immunology, 16(2), 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3054
Ungar, B., & Kopylov, U. (2016). Advances in the development of new biologics in inflammatory bowel disease. Annals of gastroenterology, 29(3), 243–248. https://doi.org/10.20524/aog.2016.0027
Ungaro, R., Mehandru, S., Allen, P. B., Peyrin-Biroulet, L., & Colombel, J. F. (2017). Ulcerative colitis. Lancet (London, England), 389(10080), 1756–1770. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32126-2
Van der Heide, F., Dijkstra, A., Weersma, R. K., Albersnagel, F. A., van der Logt, E. M., Faber, K. N., Sluiter, W. J., Kleibeuker, J. H., & Dijkstra, G. (2009). Effects of active and passive smoking on disease course of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 15(8), 1199–1207. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20884
Walker, A.W., Ince, J., Duncan, S.H., Webster, L.M., Holtrop, G., Ze, X., Brown, D., Stares, M.D., Scott, P., Bergerat, A. , Louis, P., McIntosh, F., Johnstone, A.M., Lobley, G.E., Parkhill, J., & Flint,H.J . (2011). Dominant and diet-responsive groups of bacteria within the human colonic microbiota.The ISME Journal .5(2):220–230.
Wallace, K. L., Zheng, L. B., Kanazawa, Y., & Shih, D. Q. (2014). Immunopathology of inflammatory bowel disease. World journal of gastroenterology, 20(1), 6–21. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i1.6
Wang, M. H., Fiocchi, C., Ripke, S., Zhu, X., Duerr, R. H., & Achkar, J. P. (2013). A novel approach to detect cumulative genetic effects and genetic interactions in Crohn's disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 19(9), 1799–1808. https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0b013e31828706a0
Wu, G. D., Chen, J., Hoffmann, C., Bittinger, K., Chen, Y. Y., Keilbaugh, S. A., Bewtra, M., Knights, D., Walters, W. A., Knight, R., Sinha, R., Gilroy, E., Gupta, K., Baldassano, R., Nessel, L., Li, H., Bushman, F. D., & Lewis, J. D. (2011). Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 334(6052), 105–108. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1208344
Yu, L.C., Wei, S., & Ni, Y. (2017). Interplay between the gut microbiota and epithelial innate signaling in colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis. Cancer Res Frontiers. 3(1):1–28.
Yu, L. C., Wang, J. T., Wei, S. C., & Ni, Y. H. (2012). Host-microbial interactions and regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier function: From physiology to pathology. World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology, 3(1), 27–43. https://doi.org/10.4291/wjgp.v3.i1.27
Zhang, Y. Z., & Li, Y. Y. (2014). Inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis. World journal of gastroenterology, 20(1), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i1.91
Zhu, S., & Qian, Y. (2012). IL-17/IL-17 receptor system in autoimmune disease: mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 122(11), 487–511. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20110496
Zigmond, E., Varol, C., Farache, J., Elmaliah, E., Satpathy, A. T., Friedlander, G., Mack, M., Shpigel, N., Boneca, I. G., Murphy, K. M., Shakhar, G., Halpern, Z., & Jung, S. (2012). Ly6C hi monocytes in the inflamed colon give rise to proinflammatory effector cells and migratory antigen-presenting cells. Immunity, 37(6), 1076–1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2012.08.026
Zoeten, E.F. & Fuss, I.J.(2017). Cytokines and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.In: Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease pp.31-43.. 10.1007/978-3-319-49215-5_3.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2020 Regina Márcia Soares Cavalcante; Mayara Storel Beserra de Moura; Débora Cavalcante Braz ; Nadir do Nascimento Nogueira
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
1) Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
2) Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
3) Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado.
