Clean in place (CIP) of different stainless steel geometries contaminated with Pseudomonas fluorescens

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10866

Keywords:

Hygiene; Psychrotrophic; Fluidodynamics; Food security.

Abstract

The presence of biofilms on food processing surfaces is a constant concern and can cause economic damage and impacts on public health. The aim of this work was to evaluate the development of P. fluorescens on the stainless steel surface, to analyze the CIP (clean in place) hygiene considering different geometries, to investigate the flow fluid dynamics and to determine the consumption of the inputs in this process. A circulation line with the characteristics of a dairy was used. The surface sampling was done using the swab technique and the performance of the process was evaluated based on decimal reductions considering the initial population adhered. The fluid dynamics study was carried out with FLUENT software and the consumption was determined by means of flow and electric current sensors. The results showed that P. fluorescens adhered to the surface reaching an average of 4.31 ± 0.26 log CFU∙cm-2, with the production of exopolysaccharides during usual time of industry operation. The decimal reduction was not significantly different among the pipe geometries in straight section, elbow, expansion and reduction. The stretch with branching in tee was statistically different from the others due to a zone of stagnation and fluid recirculation. The rinses were the stages that consumed the most water and the alkaline cleaning demanded more energy to execute the CIP. The geometries showed microbiological safety after CIP process, except tee. In addition, the expressive demand for water and energy for the execution of the process was evident.

References

Andrade, N. J. (2008). Higiene na indústria de alimentos: avaliação e controle da adesão e formação de biofilmes bacterianos. São Paulo: Varela.

Ansys Fluent, 14.5. (2014). User's and theory guide. Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA: ANSYS, Inc.

Bhutta, A., M. M., Hayat, N., Bashir, M. H., Khan, A. R., Ahmad, K. N., & Khan, S. (2012). CFD applications in various heat exchangers design: A review. Applied Thermal Engineering, 32, 1–12. http://doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.09.001

Blel, W., Bénézech, T., Legentilhomme, P., Legrand, J., & Le Gentil-Lelièvre, C. (2007). Effect of flow arrangement on the removal of Bacillus spores from stainless steel equipment surfaces during a Cleaning In Place procedure. Chemical Engineering Science, 62(14), 3798–3808. http://doi:10.1016/j.ces.2007.04.011

Bode, K., Hooper, R. J., Paterson, W. R., Ian Wilson, D., Augustin, W., & Scholl, S. (2007). Pulsed Flow Cleaning of Whey Protein Fouling Layers. Heat Transfer Engineering, 28(3), 202–209. http://doi:10.1080/01457630601064611

Bouvier, L., Moreau, A., Ronse, G., Six, T., Petit, J., & Delaplace, G. (2014). A CFD model as a tool to simulate β-lactoglobulin heat-induced denaturation and aggregation in a plate heat exchanger. Journal of Food Engineering, 136, 56–63. http://doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.03.025

Bremer, P. J., Fillery, S., & McQuillan, A. J. (2006). Laboratory scale Clean-In-Place (CIP) studies on the effectiveness of different caustic and acid wash steps on the removal of dairy biofilms. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 106(3), 254–262. http://doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.07.004

Costa, E. A., Carioca, L. J., Freitas, V. V., Martins, M. L., Martins, A. D. de O., & Pinto, C. L. de O. (2017). Avaliação da eficiência de sanitizantes sobre bactérias esporuladas isoladas de leite UHT integral. Revista Do Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes, 71(1), 01. http://doi:10.14295/2238-6416.v71i1.442

Cunault, C., Faille, C., Bouvier, L., Föste, H., Augustin, W., Scholl, S., & Benezech, T. (2015). A novel set-up and a CFD approach to study the biofilm dynamics as a function of local flow conditions encountered in fresh-cut food processing equipments. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 93, 217–223. http://doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2014.07.005

Dev, S. R. S., Demirci, A., Graves, R. E., & Puri, V. M. (2014). Optimization and modeling of an electrolyzed oxidizing water based Clean-In-Place technique for farm milking systems using a pilot-scale milking system. Journal of Food Engineering, 135, 1–10. http://doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.02.019

Figueiredo, H. M. de, Andrade, N. J. de, Ozela, E. F., & Morales, G. P. (2009). Influência da velocidade de circulação do leite na adesão de Pseudomonas aeruginosa sobre aço inoxidável. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 29(3), 469–473. http://doi:10.1590/s0101-20612009000300002

Ge, Y., Zhu, J., Ye, X., & Yang, Y. (2017). Spoilage potential characterization ofShewanellaandPseudomonasisolated from spoiled large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Letters in Applied Microbiology, 64(1), 86–93. http://doi:10.1111/lam.12687

Jensen, B. B. B., & Friis, A. (2005). Predicting the cleanability of mix-proof valves by use of wall shear stress. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 28(2), 89–106. http://doi:10.1111/j.1745-4530.2005.00370.x

Jensen, B. B. B., Stenby, M., & Nielsen, D. F. (2007). Improving the cleaning effect by changing average velocity. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 18, S58–S63. http://doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2006.10.012

Kumari, S., & Sarkar, P. K. (2014). In vitro model study for biofilm formation by Bacillus cereus in dairy chilling tanks and optimization of clean-in-place (CIP) regimes using response surface methodology. Food Control, 36(1), 153–158. http://doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.08.014

Lelièvre, C., Legentilhomme, P., Gaucher, C., Legrand, J., Faille, C., & Bénézech, T. (2002). Cleaning in place: effect of local wall shear stress variation on bacterial removal from stainless steel equipment. Chemical Engineering Science, 57(8), 1287–1297. http://doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00019-2

Lemos, M., Mergulhão, F., Melo, L., & Simões, M. (2015). The effect of shear stress on the formation and removal of Bacillus cereus biofilms. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 93, 242–248. http://doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2014.09.005

Li, G., Tang, L., Zhang, X., & Dong, J. (2019). A review of factors affecting the efficiency of clean-in-place procedures in closed processing systems. Energy, 178, 57–71. http://doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.123

Memisi, N., Moracanin, S. V., Milijasevic, M., Babic, J., & Djukic, D. (2015). CIP Cleaning Processes in the Dairy Industry. Procedia Food Science, 5, 184–186. http://doi:10.1016/j.profoo.2015.09.052

Ojeda, J. J., Romero-González, M. E., Bachmann, R. T., Edyvean, R. G. J., & Banwart, S. A. (2008). Characterization of the Cell Surface and Cell Wall Chemistry of Drinking Water Bacteria by Combining XPS, FTIR Spectroscopy, Modeling, and Potentiometric Titrations. Langmuir, 24(8), 4032–4040. http://doi:10.1021/la702284b

Pan, Q., Johansen, S. T., Olsen, J. E., Reed, M., & Sætran, L. R. (2021). On the turbulence modelling of bubble plumes. Chemical Engineering Science, 229, 116059. http://doi:10.1016/j.ces.2020.116059

Paz, C., Suárez, E., Concheiro, M., & Porteiro, J. (2013). Experimental study of soot particle fouling on ribbed plates: Applicability of the critical local wall shear stress criterion. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 44, 364–373. http://doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2012.07.008

Rossi, C., Chaves-López, C., Serio, A., Goffredo, E., Cenci Goga, B. T., & Paparella, A. (2016). Influence of incubation conditions on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from dairy products and dairy manufacturing plants. Italian Journal of Food Safety, 5(3). http://doi:10.4081/ijfs.2016.5793

Silva, L. D., & Gedraite, R. (2018). Optimization of the CIP system enzyme stage for effluent reduction. Revista Eletrônica Em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental, 22, 12. http://doi:10.5902/2236117034708

Silva, L. D., Souza L. D., Santiago, T. S. A., Gedraite R. (2019). Control and tuning of pulsed flow for prototype CIP (clean in place). Congresso Brasileiro de Instrumentação, Sistemas e Automação, Anais. Campinas-SP.

Silva, L. D., Filho, U. C., Naves, E. A. A., & Gedraite, R. (2020). Pulsed flow in clean‐in‐place sanitization to improve hygiene and energy savings in dairy industry. Journal of Food Process Engineering. http://doi:10.1111/jfpe.13590

Tamime, A. (Ed.). (2008). Cleaning-in-Place: Dairy, Food and Beverage Operations. http://doi:10.1002/9781444302240

Tetra Pak. (2015). Cleaning in Place: A Guide to Cleaning Technology in the Food Processing Industry: Handbook. Editora. Tetra Pack Processing Systems.

Tugarova, A. V., Scheludko, A. V., Dyatlova, Y. A., Filip’echeva, Y. A., & Kamnev, A. A. (2017). FTIR spectroscopic study of biofilms formed by the rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 and its mutant Azospirillum brasilense Sp245.1610. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1140, 142–147. http://doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.12.063

Wang, L., Keatch, R., Zhao, Q., Wright, J. A., Bryant, C. E., Redmann, A. L., & Terentjev, E. M. (2018). Influence of Type I Fimbriae and Fluid Shear Stress on Bacterial Behavior and Multicellular Architecture of Early Escherichia coli Biofilms at Single-Cell Resolution. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 84(6). http://doi:10.1128/aem.02343-17

Wu, M.-Y., Sendamangalam, V., Xue, Z., & Seo, Y. (2012). The influence of biofilm structure and total interaction energy on Escherichia coli retention by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Biofouling, 28(10), 1119–1128. http://doi:10.1080/08927014.2012.732070

Yang, J., Jensen, B. B. B., Nordkvist, M., Rasmussen, P., Gernaey, K. V., & Krühne, U. (2018). CFD modelling of axial mixing in the intermediate and final rinses of cleaning-in-place procedures of straight pipes. Journal of Food Engineering, 221, 95–105. http://doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.09.017

Published

21/12/2020

How to Cite

SILVA, L. D.; MOREIRA, M. G.; GUERRA, N. T.; NAVES, E. A. A.; VIANNA, P. C. B.; COUTINHO FILHO, U.; GEDRAITE, R. Clean in place (CIP) of different stainless steel geometries contaminated with Pseudomonas fluorescens. Research, Society and Development, [S. l.], v. 9, n. 12, p. e23491210866, 2020. DOI: 10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10866. Disponível em: https://rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/10866. Acesso em: 25 nov. 2024.

Issue

Section

Engineerings