Fungi isolated from water, feed and poultry litter of broiler chickens in the zona da mata region of the State of Alagoas, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i2.12511Keywords:
Fungi; Aviaries; Broiler chickens.Abstract
Avian litter is important in the epidemiology of fungal infections, environmental quality of the sheds and in the zooeconomic performance of the birds. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the occurrence of fungi in the water, feed and poultry litter of broilers in the region of the forest zone, state of Alagoas, Brazil. For this, collections were carried out in aviaries treated with ammonia and iodine at 4 different times. From the water and the feed, 30 mL and 30 g were collected, respectively, from the drinking fountains and bird feeders in sterile containers. In the avian litter, the samples were collected using the drag swab technique and 10g straight from the bed, resulting in 298 samples in the different analyzed sites. Subsequently, the samples were grown on Sabouraud dextrose agar plus chloramphenicol and incubated at room temperature for 7 to 15 days. Then, isolation, purification, microculture and identification of fungi were performed. Of the 298 samples evaluated, 24,221 Colony Forming Units (CFU) were obtained, 13,801 (57.0%) corresponding to filamentous fungi and 10,420 (43.0%) to yeast-like fungi. In the avian litter 18,996 (78.0%) CFU were found, among which 9,713 (40.0%) came from the litter compound and 9,283 (38.0%) resulted from the drag swab, while in the feed and water 4,152 (17.0%) and 1,076 (5%) UFC, respectively. The most common genus was Saccharomyces spp. (16.6%), followed by Fusarium spp. (12.2%) and Acremonium spp. (11.0%). These findings demonstrate the need for microbiological control measures in the sampled places, in order to ensure better conditions of well-being and health for birds and humans.
References
Algabr, H. M., Alwaseai, A., Alzumir, M. A., Hassen A. A., & Taresh, S. A. (2018). Occurrences and frequency of fungi and detection of mycotoxins on poultry rations in Yemen. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 42(32), 1-12.
Asfaw, M., & Dawit, D. (2017). Review on Major Fungal Disease of Poultry. British Journal of Poultry Sciences, 6 (1), 6-25.
Avila, V. S., Oliveira, U., Figueiredo, E. A. P., Costa, C. A. F., Abreu, V. M. N., & Rosa, P. S. (2008). Avaliação de materiais alternativos em substituição à maravalha como cama de aviário. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 37(2), 273-277.
Bilgili, S. F., Hess, J. B., Donald, J., & Fancher, B. (2010). Practical considerations for reducing the risk of pododermatitis. Aviagen Brief, 1: 1-8.
Calumby, R. J. N., Silva, J. A., Silva, D. P., Moreira, R. T. F., Araújo, M. A. S., Almeida, L. M., Grillo, L. A. M., & Alvino, V. (2019). Isolamento e identificação da microbiota fúngica anemófila em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Brazilian Journal of Development, 5(10), 19708-19722.
Chen, Z., & Jiang, X. (2014). Microbiological safety of chicken litter or chicken litter-based organic fertilizers: a review. Agriculture, 4, 1-29.
Fernandes, F. C. (2004). Poeiras em Aviários. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho, 2(4), 253-262.
Fraga, M. E., Curvello, F. A., & Chaves, J. P. (2009). Aspergillus em cama de frango de corte. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 31(3), 157-162.
Ghaemmaghami, S. S., Nowroozi, H., & Moghadam, M. T. (2018) Toxigenic fungal contamination for assessment of poultry feeds: mashed vs. pellet. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 12(5), 5-10.
Hernandez, R., & Cazetta, J. O. (2001). Método simples e acessível para determinar amônia liberada pela cama aviária. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 30(3), 824-829.
Hernandez, R., Cazetta, J. O., & Morais, V. M. B. (2002). Frações nitrogenadas, glicídicas e amônia liberada pela cama de frangos de corte em diferentes densidades e tempos de confinamento. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 31(4), 1795-1802.
Hoog, G. S., Guarro, J., Gené, J., & Figueras, M. J. (2000). Atlas of clinical fungi, 2ª ed. CBS, Spain. 1126p.
Lacaz, C. S., Porto, E., Martins, J. E. C., Heins-Vaccari, E. M., & Melo, N. T. (2002). Tratado de Micologia médica; Prefácio: Bertrand Dupont. 9ª ed. São Paulo, Sarvier, 1104p.
Macedo, A. C., Oliveira, M. N. B., & Souza, S. M. O. (2019). Análise microbiológica de hambúrguer de frango produzido de forma artesanal. REVET – Revista Científica de Medicina Veterinária da UNICEPLAC, 5(1), 112-120.
Melo, A. M. C., Silva, T. C., Silva, A. G. S., Carneiro, R. S. R., Pontes, R. C., Souza, H. C. C., & Albuquerque, I. M. B. (2018). Doença infecciosas das aves: revisão de literatura. Brazilian Journal of Animal and Environmental Research, 1(2), 310-314.
Meluzzi, A., & Sirri, F. (2009). Welfare of broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 8(1), 161-173.
Miragliota, M. Y., Nããs, I. A., Baracho, M. S., & Aradas, M. E. C. (2002). Qualidade do ar de dois sistemas de produção de frangos de corte com ventilação e densidade diferenciadas - estudo de caso. Engenharia Agrícola, 22(1), 1-10.
Monira, K. N., Islam, M. A., Alam, M. J., & Wahid, M. A. (2003). Effect of litter materials on broiler performance and evaluation of manureal value of used litter in late autumn. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 16(4), 555-557.
Oliveira, M. E., Oliveira, R. L. Z., Souza, M. F. L. Z., Harada, E. S., & Tech, A. R. B. (2018). Desenvolvimento de sensores para monitoramento de ambiente aviário com ênfase em controle térmico. Brazilian Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 12(3), 234-240.
Oliveira, R. F. M., Donzele, J. L., Abreu, M. L. T., Ferreira, R. A., Vaz, R. G. M. V., & Cella, P. S. (2006). Efeitos da temperatura e da umidade relativa sobre o desempenho e o rendimento de cortes nobres de frangos de corte de 1 a 49 dias de idade. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 35(3), 797-803.
Paganini, F. J. (2004). Manejo da Cama. In: Mendes, A. A., Nããs, I. A., & Macari, M. Produção de Frangos de Corte. São Paulo: FACTA, p. 356.
Perincherry, L., Lalak-Kańczugowska, J., & Stępień, Ł. (2019). Fusarium-produced mycotoxins in plant-pathogen interactions. Toxins, 11(11), 664.
Radwan, I. A., Abed, A. H., & Abdallah, A. S. (2018). Prevalence of fungal pathogens in broiler chickens and their environment. Journal of Veterinary Medical Research, 25(2), 174-181.
Riddell, R. W. (1950). Permanent stained mycological preparations obtained by slide culture. Mycologia, 42(2), 265.
Rogeri, D. A., Ernani, P. R., Mantovani, A., & Lourenço, K. S. (2016). Composition of poultry litter in Southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 40, e0140697, 1-7.
Sidrim, J. J. C., & Rocha, M. F. G. (2010). Micologia Médica à luz de autores contemporâneos. Rio de Janeiro: 2ª Ed. Guanabara Koogan.
Silva, I. M. M., Baliza, M., Santos, M. P., Rebouças, L. T., Rocha, E. V. S., Santos, V. A., Silva, R. M., & Evêncio-Neto, J. (2012). Presença de Escherichia coli em fígados de frangos provenientes de matadouros avícolas. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 13(3), 694-700.
Skóra, J., Matusiak, K., Wojewódzki, P., Nowak, A., Sulyok, M., Ligocka, A., Okrasa, M., Hermann, J., & Gutarowska, B. (2016). Evaluation of microbiological and chemical contaminants in poultry farms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(2), 192.
Staub, L., Souza, T. V., & Ton, A. P. S. (2017). Management for reuse of avian bed. Scientific Electronic Archives, 10(5), 163-176.
Stringhini, J. H., Mogyca, N. S., Andrade, M. A., Orsine, G. F., Café, M. B., & Borges, S. A. (2000). Efeito da qualidade do milho no desempenho de frangos de corte. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 29(1), 191-198.
Sugiharto S. (2019). A review of filamentous fungi in broiler production. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 64(1), 1-8.
Vilela, S. M. O., Mota, R. A., Santos, A. P. F., Silva, L. B. G., & Silva, J. S. A. (2004). Surto de Aspergilose ocular em pintos de corte (Gallus gallus domesticus, Linneaus, 1758). Ciência Veterinária Tropical, 7(2-3), 145-147.
Zaitz, C., Campbell, I., Marques, A. S., Ruiz, L. R. B., & Souza, V. M. (2010). Compêndio de micologia médica. 2ª ed. São Paulo: Médica e Científica.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Michelle da Silva Barros; Railsa Rária Tenório Damacena; Rodrigo José Nunes Calumby; Iris Waleska Rodrigues de Melo Bastos; Taciana Mirely Maciel Higino; Juliane Cabral Silva; Rossana Teotônio de Farias Moreira; Maria Anilda dos Santos Araújo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
