Screening for depressive and/or anxiety disorder in pharmacy course students at a Brazilian public university
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20637Keywords:
Health screening; Mental disorders; Health students.Abstract
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of positive screening for depressive and anxiety disorders in undergraduate pharmacy students at a public university in the state of Paraíba. Validated questionnaires for screening for depression (PHQ9) and anxiety (BAI) were administered to undergraduate pharmacy students enrolled at the university. Students over 18 years old, with no previous diagnosis of mental disorders, participated in the research. The research was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba, being approved under Opinion No. CAAE 15399019.4.0000.5188. The results showed that 34% of the evaluated students had scores compatible with moderate to severe depression and 18% with scores compatible with moderate to severe anxiety. A positive Pearson correlation (r = 0.672) was observed about the scores of the questionnaire for depressive and anxiety disorders. A positive correlation was identified between age and PHQ9 scores (r= 0.059). There was no correlation between age and BAI scores, as well as between the PHQ-9 (r= 0.003) or BAI (r= 0.033) scale score in correlation with the students' income. The data show that there is a high prevalence of possible mental disorders in pharmacy students at UFPB, with the care and intervention of the pharmacist being essential for proper monitoring and treatment, to promote an improvement in the quality of life of university students.
References
Adewuya, A. O., Ola, B. A., Aloba, O. O., Mapayi, B. M., & Oginni, O. O. (2006). Depression amongst Nigerian university students: Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41(8), 674–678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0068-9
Akhtar, P., Ma, L., Waqas, A., Naveed, S., Li, Y., Rahman, A., & Wang, Y. (2020). Prevalence of depression among university students in low and middle income countries (LMICs): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274(November 2019), 911–919. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.183
Amr, M. (2008). Does Gender Predict Medical Students’ Stress in Mansoura, Egypt? Medical Education Online, 13, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3885/meo.2008.res00273
Ansseau, M., Dierick, M., Buntinkx, F., Cnockaert, P., De Smedt, J., Van Den Haute, M., & Vander Mijnsbrugge, D. (2004). High prevalence of mental disorders in primary care. Journal of Affective Disorders, 78(1), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00219-7
Baldassin, S., Martins, L. C., & Guerra De Andrade, A. (2006). Traços de ansiedade entre estudantes de medicina. Arq Med ABC, 31(1), 27–31.
Carlotto, M. S., Nakamura, A. P., & Câmara, S. G. (2006). Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes universitários da área da saúde. Psico (Porto Alegre), 57–62.
Cavestro, J. D. M., & Rocha, F. L. (2006). Prevalência de depressão entre estudantes universitários. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 55(4), 264–267. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0047-20852006000400001
Cerchiari, E. A. N., Caetano, D., & Faccenda, O. (2005). Prevalência de transtornos mentais menores em estudantes universitários. Estudos de Psicologia (Natal), 10(3), 413–420. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1413-294x2005000300010
Cestari, V. R. F., Barbosa, I. V., Florêncio, R. S., Pessoa, V. L. M. de P., & Moreira, T. M. M. (2017). Estresse em estudantes de enfermagem: estudo sobre vulnerabilidades sociodemográficas e acadêmicas. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 30(2), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201700029
Chao, D. C., & Chu-Lien, R. (2012). Managing Perceived Stress Among College Students: The Roles of Social Support and. Journal of College Counseling, 15(5), 5–21.
Christopher, G., & MacDonald, J. (2005). The impact of clinical depression on working memory. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 10(5), 379–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546800444000128
Dancey, C. P., Reidy, J. (2006). Análise de correlação: o r de Pearson. In P. A. Artemed (Ed.), Estatística sem matemática para psicologia (pp. 178–216).
Gilbody, S., Whitty, P., Grimshaw, J., & Thomas, R. (2003). Educational and Organizational Interventions to Improve the Management of Depression in Primary Care: A Systematic Review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(23), 3145–3151. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.23.3145
Hasin, D. S., Sarvet, A. L., Meyers, J. L., Saha, T. D., Ruan, W. J., Stohl, M., & Grant, B. F. (2018). Epidemiology of adult DSM-5 major depressive disorder and its specifiers in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(4), 336–346. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4602
Huang, F. Y., Chung, H., Kroenke, K., Delucchi, K. L., & Spitzer, R. L. (2006). Using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to measure depression among racially and ethnically diverse primary care patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21(6), 547–552. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00409.x
Ibrahim, A. K., Kelly, S. J., Adams, C. E., & Glazebrook, C. (2013). A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(3), 391–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.015
Jadhakhan, F., Lindner, O. C., Blakemore, A., & Guthrie, E. (2019). Prevalence of common mental health disorders in adults who are high or costly users of healthcare services: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. In BMJ Open (Vol. 9, Issue 9, p. 28295). BMJ Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028295
Khushalani, J. S., Qin, J., Cyrus, J., Buchanan Lunsford, N., Rim, S. H., Han, X., Yabroff, K. R., & Ekwueme, D. U. (2018). Systematic review of healthcare costs related to mental health conditions among cancer survivors. In Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (Vol. 18, Issue 5, pp. 505–517). Taylor and Francis Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737167.2018.1485097
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2010). The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: A systematic review. General Hospital Psychiatry, 32(4), 345–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006
Levis, B., Benedetti, A., & Thombs, B. D. (2019). Accuracy of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening to detect major depression: Individual participant data meta-analysis. The BMJ, 365. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l1476
Liang, Y., Wang, L., & Zhu, J. (2018). Factor structure and psychometric properties of Chinese version of Beck Anxiety Inventory in Chinese doctors. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(5), 657–666. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316658971
Luppa, M., Heinrich, S., Angermeyer, M. C., König, H. H., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2007). Cost-of-illness studies of depression. A systematic review. In Journal of Affective Disorders (Vol. 98, Issues 1–2, pp. 29–43). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.07.017
M.S., H., M.G., H., & D.G., S. (1991). Dimensions of alexithymia and their relationships to anxiety and depression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56(2), 227–237. http://www.embase.com/search/results?subaction=viewrecord&from=export&id=L21839377%5Cnhttp://sfx.library.uu.nl/utrecht?sid=EMBASE&issn=00223891&id=doi:&atitle=Dimensions+of+alexithymia+and+their+relationships+to+anxiety+and+depression.&stitle=J+Pers+Asses
Magán, I., Sanz, J., & García-Vera, M. P. (2008). Psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) in general population. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 11(2), 626–640. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600004637
McConville, J., McAleer, R., & Hahne, A. (2017). Mindfulness Training for Health Profession Students—The Effect of Mindfulness Training on Psychological Well-Being, Learning and Clinical Performance of Health Professional Students: A Systematic Review of Randomized and Non-randomized Controlled Trials. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 13(1), 26–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2016.10.002
O’Connor, E. A. (2009). Clinical Guidelines Screening for Depression in Adult Patients in Primary Care Settings : Annals of Internal Medicine.
Oliveira, R. E. C, Morais, A. (2015). Vivências acadêmicas e adaptação de estudantes de uma universidade pública federal do Estado do Paraná. 547–568.
Osman, A., Hoffman, J., Barrios, F. X., Kopper, B. A., Breitenstein, J. L., & Hahn, S. K. (2002). Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the beck anxiety inventory in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.1154
Pignone, M. P., Gaynes, B. N.,Rushton, J. L., Burchell, C. M, Orleans, C. T., Mulrow, C. D.; & Lohr, K. N. (2002). Screening for depression in adults: a summary of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Annals of Internal Medicine, v. 136, n. 10, p. 765-766, 2002., 136(n 10), p 765-766. https://doi.org/10.1191/0269216303pm756ra
Pillay, N., Ramlall, S., & Burns, J. K. (2016). Spirituality, depression and quality of life in medical students in KwaZulu-Natal. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 22(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v22i1.731
Puthran, R., Zhang, M. W. B., Tam, W. W., & Ho, R. C. (2016). Prevalence of depression amongst medical students: A meta-analysis. Medical Education, 50(4), 456–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12962
Rodrigues, D. G., & Pelisoli, C. (2008). Ansiedade em vestibulandos: Um estudo exploratório. Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica, 35(5), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832008000500001
Spiegel, M. R. (1993). Correlação de Pearson. Estatística (Pearson Makron Books (ed.); 3 ed).
Thurber, C. A., Walton, E., Murray, R. D., Frankowski, B. L., Gereige, R. S., Mears, C. J., Roland, M. M., Young, T. L., Grant, L. M., Hyman, D., Magalnick, H., Monteverdi, G. J., Pattishall, E. G., LaCursia, N., Mazyck, D., Vernon-Smiley, M., Wallace, R., & Li, S. (2007). Preventing and treating homesickness. Pediatrics, 119(1), 192–201. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2781
Toledo, G. L., Ovalle, I. I. (1985). Estatística básica (Atlas (ed.); 2 ed).
Vasconcelos, T. C. de, Dias, B. R. T., Andrade, L. R., Melo, G. F., Barbosa, L., & Souza, E. (2015). Prevalência de Sintomas de Ansiedade e Depressão em Estudantes de Medicina TT - Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms among Medicine Students. Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica, 39(1), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-52712015v39n1e00042014
Vázquez Morejón, A. J., Vázquez-Morejón Jiménez, R., & Zanin, G. B. (2014). Beck anxiety inventory: Psychometric characteristics in a sample from the clinical spanish population. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 17(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2014.76
Wittchen, H. U., & Jacobi, F. (2005). Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe - A critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 15(4), 357–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.012
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Maria Thaynan de Lima Carvalho; Camila Maria Cordeiro Dias; Rafael Marinho de Lima Paiva; Vinícius Soares Ribeiro; Cleyton Oliveira Bezerra; Cinthia Caldas Rios ; Thais Teles de Souza; Walleri Christini Torelli Reis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
