“How to be a positive leader?”: relationships between leadership styles and characther strenghts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25158Keywords:
Positive Psychology; Work; Organizational culture.Abstract
Studies in the field of work are generally conducted with employees who are not in leadership positions, making important investigations that include leaders and with an emphasis on promoting positive and virtuous actions. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between character strengths and leadership styles. 150 business leaders from companies in São Paulo and Minas Gerais participated, 54.7% of whom were male and worked in the function for an average period of 9.47 years. As instruments, a demographic questionnaire, the Escala de Forças de Caráter and the Escala de Avaliação do Estilo Gerencial were used. The results indicated that the character strengths were more correlated to the relationship factor. In addition, through path analysis, the character strenghts explained positively the relationship factor and negatively the task factor of managerial styles. The results are discussed in light of the literature and give indications of how character strengths can be used in interventions with leaders.
References
Adriano, B. M., Bertoncini, I., Esper, A. J. F., & Cunha, C. J. C. de A. (2018). Liderança e organizações positivas: uma análise bibliométrica: uma análise bibliométrica. Anais do Congresso Internacional de Conhecimento E Inovação – Ciki, 1(1). Recuperado de https://proceeding.ciki.ufsc.br/index.php/ciki/article/view/426
Calais, S. L. (2007). Delineamento de Levantamento ou Survey. IN M. N. Baptista & D. C. Campos (orgs). Metodologias de Pesquisa em Ciências. Rio de Janeiro: LTC.
Cameron, K. S. (2013). Practicing positive leadership: tools and techniques that create extraordinary results. San Francisco: Barret-Koehler.
Campos, M. I., & Rueda, F. J. M. (2018). Evolução do construto liderança autêntica: uma revisão de literatura. Revista Psicologia Organizações e Trabalho, 18(1), 291-298. doi 10.17652/rpot/2018.1.13473
Cervo, C. S., Natividade, J. C., Mónico, L. D. S. M., Pais, L., Santos, N. R., & Hutz, C. S. (2018). Modelo de Liderança Autêntica: concepção teórica e evidências de validade do Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) para o Brasil. Psychologica, 61(2), 7-29. doi: 10.14195/1647-8606_61-2_1
Cunha, M. P., & Rego, A. (2015). As virtudes nas organizações. Análise Psicológica, 33(4), 349-359. doi: 10.14417/ap.1022
Freidlin, P., & Littman-Ovadia, H. (2019). Prosocial Behavior at Work Through the Lens of Character Strengths. Frontiers in Psychology, 10: 3046. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03046
Garcea, N., Linley, A., Mazurkiewicz, K., & Bailey, T. (2012). "Future female talent development". Strategic HR Review, 11(4), 199-204. doi: 10.1108/14754391211234913
Gill, A., & Caza, A. (2015). An Investigation of Authentic Leadership’s Individual and Group Influence on Follower Responses. Journal of Management, 20(10), 1-25. doi: 10.1177/0149206314566461
Guimarães, M., Ferreira, M. C., & Pereira, M. (2019). Evidências iniciais da escala de liderança virtuosa. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 36, e170101. doi: 10.1590/1982-0275201936e170101
Heintz, S., Kramm, C., & Ruch, W. (2019). A meta-analysis of gender differences in character strengths and age, nation, and measure as moderators. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14(1), 103-112. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2017.1414297
Heintz, S., & Ruch, W. (2019). Character Strengths and Job Satisfaction: Differential Relationships Across Occupational Groups and Adulthood. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1-25. doi: 10.1007/s11482-018-9691-3
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Kim, H. R., Kim, S. M., Hong, J. S., Han, D. H., Yoo, S. K., Min, K. J., & Lee, Y. S. (2018). Character strengths as protective factors against depression and suicidality among male and female employees. BMC public health, 18(1), 1084. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5997-1
Lavy, S. (2019). A review of character strengths interventions in twenty-first-century schools: Their importance and how they can be fostered. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1-24. doi: 10.1007/s11482-018-9700-6
Linley, A., & Garcea, N. (2013). "Engaging graduates to recruit the best". Strategic HR Review, 12(6), 297-301. doi: 10.1108/SHR-05-2013-0050
Littman-Ovadia, H., Lavy, S., & Boiman-Meshita, M. (2017). When theory and research collide: examining correlates of signature strengths use at work. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(2), 527–548. doi: 10.1007/s10902-016-9739-8
Melo, E. A. A. (2014). Liderança gerencial. In M. M. M. Siqueira (Org.). Novas medidas do comportamento organizacional: ferramentas de diagnóstico e de gestão (pp. 217-229). Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2011). Mplus user’s guide. Sixth edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
Noronha, A. P. P., & Barbosa, A. J. G. (2016). Forças e virtudes: escala de forças de caráter. In C. S. Hutz (2016). Avaliação em psicologia positiva: técnicas e medidas (pp. 21-43). São Paulo: Hogrefre.
Noronha, A. P. P., & Batista, H. H. V. (2020). Análise da estrutura interna da Escala de Forças de Caráter. Ciencias Psicológicas, 14(1), e-2150. doi: 10.22235/cp.v14i1.2150
Noronha, A. P. P., & Martins, D. F. (2016). Associações entre forças de caráter e satisfação com a vida: Estudo com universitários. Actas Colombianas de Psicologia, 19(2): 97-103. doi: 10.14718/ACP.2016.19.2.5
Noronha, A. P. P., & Reppold, C. T. (2019). Introdução às forças de Caráter. In M. N. Baptista, M. Muniz, C. T. Reppold, C. H. S. S. Nunes, L. F. Carvalho, R. Primi, A. P. P. Noronha, A. G. Seabra, S. M. Wechsler, C. S. Hutz, & L. Pasquali (2019). Compêndio de Avaliação Psicológica (pp xx-yy). Petrópolis: Vozes.
Northouse, P.G. (2018). Leadership: Theory and practice (8th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage.
Pang, D., & Ruch, W. (2019). Fusing character strengths and mindfulness interventions: Benefits for job satisfaction and performance. Journal of occupational health psychology, 24(1), 150-162. doi: 1076-8998/19/$12.00
Peterson, C., & Park, N. (2006). Character strengths in organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 1149-1154. doi:10.1002/job.398
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.
Tehranchi, A., Neshat Doost, H. T., Amiri, S., & Power, M. J. (2018). The role of character strengths in depression: A structural equation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1609. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01609
Vazquez, A. C. S., Ferreira, M. C., & Mendonça, H. (2019). Avanços na Psicologia Positiva: Bem-Estar, Engajamento e Redesenho no Trabalho. Avaliação Psicológica, 18(4), 343-351. doi: 10.15689/ap.2019.1804.18859.02
Vianna, C. R. G. V. (2016). Mulheres na liderança: percepção e práticas do uso de forças de caráter em ambiente organizacional. In A. P. Correa (Org.), Psicologia Positiva: teoria e prática (pp. 172-180). São Paulo: Leader.
Yan, T., Chan, C. W. H., Chow, K. M., Zheng, W., & Sun, M. (2020). A systematic review of the effects of character strengths‐based intervention on the psychological well‐being of patients suffering from chronic illnesses. Journal of Advanced Nursing. doi: 10.1111/jan.14356
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Juliana Taglhare Garcia; Ana Paula Porto Noronha; Leonardo de Oliveira Barros
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.