Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia: The link between sporotrichosis and squamous cell carcinoma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27390Keywords:
Carcinoma; Skin; Diagnosis; Biopsy; Epidemiology; Zoonoses.Abstract
The pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) is a benign condition. It is a reactive histological pattern characterized by hyperplasia of the epidermis and adnexal epithelium. Therefore, it can be found in several clinically heterogeneous diseases: Infections, neoplasms, dermatoses with inflammation/chronic irritation, and miscellaneous processes. Among the infections group, deep mycoses stand out, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) for the neoplasm. As these two lesions can be observed in the same body regions and present visually similar features, it is also natural that they can be mistaken, as seen in previous works. Thus, we propose an individually based, cross-sectional retrospective review of patients with confirmed sporotrichosis (from a total of 86 cutaneous sporotrichosis cases) in which squamous cell carcinoma was also suspected as a clinical hypothesis. Considering the small sample, a qualitative analysis of the results was made. This paper presents an explanation with a microscopic basis for this diagnostic error. We also recommend examining several histological sections, detailed clinical information, and the use of special stains to avoid misdiagnosis.
References
Adams, C. C., Thomas, B. & Bingham, J. L. (2014) Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion: a case report and review of the literature. Cutis. 93(3), 141–4.
Almeida-Paes, R., de Oliveira, M. M., Freitas, D. F., do Valle, A. C., Zancopé-Oliveira, R. M., & Gutierrez-Galhardo, M. C. (2014). Sporotrichosis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Sporothrix brasiliensis is associated with atypical clinical presentations. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 8(9), e3094.
Barros, M. B. D. L., Schubach, T. P., Coll, J. O., Gremião, I. D., Wanke, B., & Schubach, A. (2010). Esporotricose: a evolução e os desafios de uma epidemia. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 27, 455-460.
Chakrabarti, A., Bonifaz, A., Gutierrez-Galhardo, M. C., Mochizuki, T. & Li, S. (2015) Global epidemiology of sporotrichosis. Med Mycol. 53(1), 3-14. Chandler, F. W., Watts, J. C. (1987) Pathologic Diagnosis of Fungal Infections. Chicago, IL: ASCP Press. XIII, 303.
Conejero, R., Conejero, C., Alcalde, V., & García-Latasa de Araníbar, J. (2020). Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia: An Uncommon Reaction in Tattoos. Hiperplasia pseudoepiteliomatosa: una reacción infrecuente de los tatuajes. Actas dermo-sifiliograficas, 111(10), 896–897.
Falcão, E. M., Marinho, L. F. J. & Berilo, C. D. (2019) Hospitalizações e óbitos relacionados à esporotricose no Brasil (1992-2015). Cad. Saúde Pública. 35(4).
Gremião, I. D. F., Martins da Silva da Rocha, E., & Montenegro H. (2021) Guideline for the management of feline sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis and literature revision. Braz J Microbiol. 52(1):107-124.
Hussein, M. R. (2005) Skin cancer in Egypt: a word in your ear. Cancer Biol Ther. 4(5), 593–5.
Ludke, M. & Andre, M. E. D. A. (2013). Pesquisas em educação: uma abordagem qualitativa. São Paulo: E.P.U
Mahajan, V. (2014) Sporotrichosis: An Overview and Therapeutic Options. Dermatology Research and Practice. 1-13.
Marimon, R., Cano, J., Gené, J., Sutton, D. A., Kawasaki, M., & Guarro, J. (2007). Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana, three new Sporothrix species of clinical interest. Journal of clinical microbiology, 45(10), 3198–3206.
Mora, R. G., Perniciaro, C. (1981) Cancer of the skin in blacks. I. A review of 163 black patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 5(5), 535–43.
Orofino-Costa, R., de Macedo, P. M., Rodrigues, A. M. & Bernardes-Engemann, A. R. (2017) Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics. An Bras Dermatol. 92(5), 606-20.
Pereira, M. A., Freitas, R. & Nascimento, S. B. (2020) Sporotrichosis: A Clinicopathologic Study of 89 Consecutive Cases, Literature Review, and New Insights About Their Differential Diagnosis. Am J Dermatopathol. Mar 6. 10.1097/DAD.0000000000001617
Ramos, V., Astacio, G. S., do Valle, A., de Macedo, P. M., Lyra, M. R., Almeida-Paes, R., Oliveira, M., Zancopé-Oliveira, R. M., Brandão, L., Quintana, M., Gutierrez-Galhardo, M. C., & Freitas, D. (2021). Bone sporotrichosis: 41 cases from a reference hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 15(3), e0009250.
Schechtman, R. C., Falcão, E., Carard, M., García, M., Mercado, D. S., & Hay, R. J. (2022). Sporotrichosis: hyperendemic by zoonotic transmission, with atypical presentations, hypersensitivity reactions and greater severity. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 97(1), 1–13.
Schenck B. (1898). On refractory subcutaneous abscesses caused by a fungus possibly related to the sporotricha. Johns Hopkins Hosp Bull. 93,286–290.
Silva, J. E., Santos, A. L. P. dos., Freitas, J. R. de, Cunha, A. L. X., Shinohara, N. K. S., & Cunha Filho, M. (2020). Study of sporotrichosis at the national and international level with a statistical focus: a systematic review of zoonosis. Research, Society and Development, 9(11), e83591110461.
Zayour, M., Lazova, R. (2011) Pseudoepitheliomatous Hyperplasia: A Review. Am J Dermatopathol. 33, 112–126. 10.1097/DAD.0b013e3181fcfb47.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Miguel Augusto Martins Pereira; Dhara Lima Martins; Luciana Pantaleão; Enoï Guedes Vilar
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.